I can't think of anything directly equivalent. Indenturement or drunken impressment into something maybe, but the monastery thing worked so well because you go from "whoah a monastery" to "fuck this fucking monastery" instantly. It's super interesting and also has that element of contrast and comedy that you couldn't get from anything that everybody already knows would suck and lacks the same level of set dressing.
I hope there's something though, maybe building or managing something that suck you in and give you the same level of gritty detail. Like some medieval Yakuza shit, but with the tonal contrast of discovering just how different it was to run a bowling alley or whatever back then.
So, something that expands on rebuilding Pribyslavitz?
As to medieval Yakuza shit, gambling dens, taverns, bathhouses... the usual. Plus corruption was
rampant back then so unless you were unlucky with the guards you'd be able to convince them to look the other way as long as you weren't doing anything really egregious, like say, killing people or counterfeiting. Unless you outright disturbed public order or did something that would make the lords feel like putting a laser focus on you and your associates you could come to some sort of accommodation with the local catchpole... for a small weekly fine, naturally.
Just don't poach, steal from the nobles, or fuck with tax collection.
EDIT: So, okay, to give you guys some idea of just what a fucking
backwater the first game takes place in, the modern Rattay has under 600 people living there. The modern Uzhitz a mere 700. The big city of Sasau
3,800, or less than my tiny-ass one-stoplight town in the ass-end of Nowhere, Oregon. It is not a place anybody cares about, save for the people who live there. Were it not for the silver mines in Skalitz Sigismund and the Cumans never would have bothered with the place.