There are two and a half (more details below) types of bankruptcy Rekieta could request. Any of these forms would halt all collection actions, including the foreclosure, until the stay is lifted. This happens automatically when the bankruptcy is concluded and could happen earlier if whoever is responsible for the foreclosure files a motion for the court. At least in DSP's bankruptcy the motion came from the bank rather than the county sheriff because in Connecticut (where Phil defaulted on his mortgage) foreclosure is filed by the bank while the sheriff's office is responsible for executing the foreclosure and selling the property. Additionally creditors can object to the discharge either in whole (i.e. have the bankruptcy dismissed) or in part (i.e. making sure their claim is not discharged). Given that malicious injury is exempt from discharge, Montagraph could file an objection here (I know there has not been a verdict in his libel claim against Nick yet but contingent/anticipated debts like this do get included in bankruptcy filings).
In
Chapter 7 he would have to surrender anything that is not protected by a specific exemption in exchange for nearly all his unsecured debts being discharged. The big two exceptions from Nick's perspective are taxes and (potentially) any money he ends up owing Montagraph. He would have the choice of reaffirming secured loans (i.e. keep the property and commit to paying the mortgage/loan) or rejecting them (surrendering the collateral and discharging the debt). Note that surrendering property which secures an underwater loan discharges the loan in full, not just the value of the collateral. There are limits on income but between Nick's large family size (kids count here) and dwindling superchats he would most likely qualify unless there are undisclosed income streams (which would raise the question why he defaulted on the mortgage in the first place).
One other important aspect is how a home is treated - there is a 'homestead exemption' for a principal residence. If the equity in the debtor's homestead is over the exemption s/he
must sell in exchange for a check for the home equity. There is no allowance for extenuating circumstances. Minnesota's homestead exemption is
a flat $450k while
this post suggests the outstanding balance on the mortgage was $307k and
this Zillow listing estimates the value at $845k. This works out to equity of about $538k . . . but Zillow is notorious for getting these values wrong. My gut says Nick is more likely than not to lose the house in Chapter 7 but it's not a given.
This is the kind of bankruptcy Phil got - he got around income limits by writing off losses from a WWE gacha he played on his own time as business expenses, and used what can only be called creative math to keep his home equity under the limit.
In
Chapter 13 Nick would have to put a fixed amount of money a month, equal to his disposable income at the time he filed, towards a payment plan. Once he completes the payment plan, most likely lasting five years, his debts will be considered settled. This comes with laxer limits on income and greater ability to keep property compared to Chapter 7. That said there is an upper limit on debt for Chapter 13 and courts have very little tolerance for missed or partial payments in Chapter 13. Unless Nick artificially deflates his disposable income this is probably a bad idea in his situation given his erratic but overall declining income.
If Nick's income exceeds the Chapter 7 limit and his debt exceeds the Chapter 13 cutoff he could file for
Chapter 11 instead. This is mostly used by businesses because
individuals can file for Chapter 13 unless their debts exceed $2.75 million - the only individual Chapter 11s I can name off the top of my head are Marc Randazza and Rudy Giuliani, and those two fucked around and found out in ways Nick can only dream of. Think of Chapter 11 like Chapter 13's bigger, meaner brother - the overall principles + framework (debtor keeps most of his property in exchange for committing to a payment plan) is still there but a Chapter 11 payment plan is subject to review and approval by creditors. Just like above, his income is not stable enough to make Chapter 11 a smart move unless he does some creative and borderline fraudulent accounting.