With how ubiquitous the Internet is in our daily lives nowadays, outright barring kids from it simply isn’t feasible.
Disagree. It's absolutely feasible to ban kids from the Internet. You approach it as with alcohol consumption, smoking etc - Parental responsibility and legislation. Internet access comes through relatively few mechanisms all of which are effectively gatekept by payment mechanisms. All that's really required to make this happen is the will to implement it, and society/governance is not within a lightyear of considering it a serious proposition so it'll never happen.
They need to learn technological and internet literacy while growing up. However, they shouldn’t be able to browse the internet without restrictions. Their internet should be monitored by parents, subject to strict parental control, and have no access to social media of any kind until at least 16.
Again don't really agree. Technology is not some scary beast like it used to be, your basic person's needs are met by very friendly, easy to use systems and concepts that are very well packaged. The amount of background needed to get to grips with it is comparable, at most, to learning to drive. I doubt it'd even need to be that much effort tbh. You introduce it under adult supervision in controlled environments (at home, classroom) like anything else.
Alternatively, kids could be given access to an intranet with a list of pre-approved educational and entertainment websites with no social interaction features. It’d be like a digital version of those “kid city” job roleplay theme parks; a simulation of the adult internet that preps them for future life, but without the risks inherent in the real thing. It could be set up in a way where more sites become accessible with age too.
This used to exist in various forms (AOL etc).
All of this is poking holes in a fairly one-sided argument against the concept but consider the absolutely enourmous benefit of preventing minors from accessing the Internet - Predators have no prey, kids grow up socializing properly and not digitally at their most formative times, and the Internet as an adult forum for ideas and sharing becomes entirely unencombered by the lowest-common-denominator restriction of needing to be safe for children.
As I've said before on this topic, let kids get access to the Internet when they are judged mature enough for other potentially harmful activities - Voting, drinking, driving, and enlisting. If you don't consider a child's mind mature enough to make informed decisions on those, it's absurd to argue that the Internet is a suitable place for them to spend most, or indeed any, of their time.