As early as January 1952, members of this aggressive group and
British intelligence officials were exchanging information that
explored the feasibility of a coup to oust Mossadegh. While
Truman was still in office, the CIA under Smith actually implemented
a destabilization program codenamed BEDAMN, which worked to splinter
the National Front. In November of 1952, British intelligence
tried to convince American intelligence officials to cooperate in a
joint effort aimed at a coup. The British played on American fears
by raising the specter of a communist threat to Iran (simultaneously,
violent communist-instigated riots took place in Iraq). 43 Later in
February 1953, after Eisenhower had assumed office, the British and
Americans agreed to work together to replace Mossadegh with an
anti-communist strong man, General Fazlullah Zahidi, who was also
loyal to the Shah and connected to Kashani.