For those of you who don't live in the United States, the federal government has a progressive income tax structure. This means that each dollar of income is taxed at different rates depending on how much money makes. This post is an attempt to estimate how much money Phil makes.
Phil has said that he owes an estimated 16,000 dollars. Assuming that there are no credits or penalties (or that they equal to each other), we can say that 16,000. From there, we can get a good estimate of what his adjustable gross income is by using the tax tables.
The first 9,700 dollars would be taxed at 10%, or 970. So, 16,000-970 = 15,030
The next 29,775 dollars would be taxed at 12% or 3,573. So 15,030 - 3,573 = 11,457
The next 44,725 dollars would be taxed at 22% or 9,839. So, 11,457 - 9,839 = 1,618
Thus, Phil's last bit of tax dollars would be taxed at the 24% tax rate. Thus, 1,618 / 0.24 = 6,741
Note that I trunicated all decimal points.
Adding it all up, Phils AGI would be 9700+29775+44725+6741 = 90,941
This is what tax accountants would call his "line". Anything below the line (e.g. credits) would be taken away, but I can't think of any that would be applicable. Phil makes too much money for things like the EIC, doesn't have educational expenses, and his mortgages would be deductibles.
And speaking of deductibles, here's the great mystery of this whole thing. How much does Phil deduct?
Phil is self-employed so he probably has a whole bunch of things he can deduct. Things like his mortgages, "business expenses", the taxes that he pays being self-employed such as the FICA taxes and Washington's B&O tax.
The standard deduction for an individual is 12,200, so we can use that as a basis for our estimation. Because he owns a business, he probably does individual deductions rather than the standard deduction, but the standard deduction does give us a minimum.
Thus 90,941 + 12,200 = 103,141. Again, this is a minimum, and it's most likely higher. If I were to guess, I would say that he makes about 110,000 to 120,000 for the year.
And that's not counting the quarterly payment penalty that he'll have to pay, which will add in about 3,000 - 4,000 to his tax bill. I'll work on that in the future.
Anything I missed? Questions?