Sweden is seen as a risk factor in the other Nordic countries: "We are out of step with each other"
In several Nordic countries, Sweden is identified as a cloud of concern in the corona pandemic. When the governments now plan to partially open the borders, there is talk of keeping Sweden out.
The different management of the corona crisis can have long-term consequences for countries' relations, believes Johan Strang, a researcher at the Center for Nordic Studies.
- We are out of step with each other.
The Nordic countries have handled the corona pandemic in different ways. Perhaps most attention has been given to Sweden's handling. It has been rewritten in media around the world - and has also received a lot of attention in the Nordic neighboring countries.
As we now begin to discuss how to go about reopening open borders, Sweden has become a talking point in Norway, Finland and Denmark. Several Danish parties in the Folketing have opened to open borders to Germany and Norway - but to keep the border against Sweden closed.
State epidemiologist Frode Forland in Norway told the Swedish Radio on Sunday that it may be relevant not to allow recreational travel between Sweden and Norway when, from June 15, Norway relaxes its travel restrictions.
- It sits the government and is founded on. You have a greater spread of infection in society now than we have and it has some logic to keep the boundaries closed if the spread of infection is different in the different countries, he said.
The Baltic states, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, have created a "travel bubble" which means that citizens of the three neighboring countries can travel freely between countries without having to quarantine. Finland is invited to join the cooperation - which could mean that Finland will have an open border with the Baltic States - but has continued to close to the Nordic neighbor Sweden.
After a meeting with the Nordic Council of Ministers, Finland's Interior Minister Maria Ohisalo believed that a "Nordic bubble" seems unlikely - and Sweden was identified as the problem.
"Norway, Denmark and Iceland have managed to stabilize their situations, in Sweden the situation is more alarming," said Ohisalo, according to Hufvudstadsbladet.
When Prime Minister Stefan Löfven this week received foreign journalists for a press conference, he was asked by Svenska Yle whether he was worried about Sweden's international reputation and its relations with neighboring countries.
- Of course it is important, Sweden is a relatively small country like the other Nordic countries. And we have a long history of solidarity, that's our legacy, that's why we're worried about this picture, "Löfven told Yle.
Johan Strang is a researcher at the Center for Nordic Studies at the University of Helsinki. He says that the Nordic countries generally have a very good relationship with each other - with high confidence in the other countries. But during the corona pandemic, Sweden has been seen as a "risk". And this is not the first time the other countries in the region view Sweden's actions as different.
- I have thought of this pandemic in relation to the refugee crisis in 2015. It was the first time in a long time that the Nordic countries came into conflict with each other on a popular level. Journalists and thinkers criticized each other. Sweden was thought to be naive - and also dangerous. Then there was also a thought that Sweden poses some kind of risk, says Johan Strang.
He believes that paradoxically it is an idea in the Nordic countries that Sweden is "too liberal". Johan Strang says the problem is that the Nordic countries failed to respond to the crisis in the same way from the beginning.
- And it is quite strange considering the many agreements that exist between the countries on such issues. For some reason, they failed to coordinate - and that may be because this crisis came so quickly.
That the early management of the crisis was not coordinated between the countries may have long-term consequences, says Johan Strang.
- Although Sweden would prove to be right in its strategy and get over the pandemic faster, the other Nordic countries would then become risk factors. We are out of step with each other.
In all the Nordic countries, media have compared death rates and strategies between countries - wondering who is doing right and who is doing wrong. In a headline, Denmark's radio writes that "Trump criticizes Sweden - and highlights Denmark". The Norwegian newspaper VG published a debate article entitled "Had we done as Sweden, Norway would have been bad looking".
In recent days, several Swedish media have had interviews with Norwegian infection protection experts and decision makers from the Norwegian Public Health Authority, where they discussed the different countries' choices.
Johan Strang says that we in the Nordic countries have a preference for talking about differences between Nordic countries:
- Within the Nordic region, we have narcissism about the small differences. We would like to inflate differences between Finland and Sweden or Sweden and Denmark but if you include a third country in the comparison, the differences often disappear.
He emphasizes that the entire Nordic region stands out in comparison with other European countries - if you look at how open societies have been. And we are becoming more and more equal in our handling of the crisis.
- The Nordic countries are converging a bit now - because they are gradually opening up in the other Nordic countries, while in Sweden the measures have gradually been tightened up. And that may be a step towards opening the borders.
This week DN wrote about "why the Swedes became public health patriots". The article mentioned how the Swedes would like to defend Sweden's strategy, and how researchers who question it are called "foil hats".
Johan Strang emphasizes that the development looks the same in all the Nordic countries.
- It is not only Sweden that has public health nationalism. After all, we have reached almost a hundred percent on the strategy in Finland - and the same in Norway and Denmark. But Sweden is often used as a counter-image in the other countries, he says.
He also believes that Sweden has a habit of being "more extreme" than the other Nordic countries.
- Both in Sweden and abroad you would like to see Sweden as exceptional and different - and that you have chosen this line supports that story. It would be inconceivable that Finland would act quite differently from the rest of the world - you do not have the confidence you have in Sweden, says Johan Strang.
But if the borders between the Nordic countries stay true, it can create problems for Nordic cooperation. Especially for those regions that depend on open movement between countries. Johan Strang points to Tornedalen and Skåne as two examples.
On Saturday, Philip Sandberg (L), the municipal council in Lund, wrote an open letter to the Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen in which he said that "a closed border between Lund and Copenhagen is the same as a closed border between Copenhagen and Roskilde". At the same time, the mayor of Danish Helsingör, Benedikte Kiær, has said that the closed border makes it tough for the city's traders.
- It's tough for everyone, but especially for Helsingör. Here we are used to the fact that there is a lot of life and activity because we are a border town and get a lot of visits from especially our Nordic neighboring countries. And especially from Sweden, he tells Aftonbladet.
Swedish Trade Minister Anna Hallberg told Expressen that the Danish parliamentary parties' reluctance to open the border with Sweden, but open to Germans and Norwegians, is a clear discrimination that is "not acceptable".
Researcher Johan Strang says that a longer closure of borders in the Nordic region would affect the region. Especially if we end up in a situation where the borders in the future may be closed at regular intervals.
- Then it will have a negative effect on people commuting across borders. And it is not at all good from a Nordic cooperation perspective - because then you can no longer trust that the borders are kept open, he says.