Greeks viewed themselves superior racially to anyone else, including Iranids and Egyptians. When Macedon conquered the known world, Alexander make sure that all of that land was exclusively owned by Greeks.
Rome considered itself superior to Italics and that all Italics/Ausones were superior to all other peoples.
Since before the Han Dynasty, Chinese people considered themselves superior to all others.
Ancient Egyptians were probably the most racist, most xenophobic, most conservative people to have ever existed. At points they had such hatred for other peoples, including proto-Nubians and semites, they'd just war against them without cause. To fight for and subjugate the Nile as they believe that the Nile was given to them. It's almost shocking how much they viewed others as sub-human. Ironically, under Greek and ESPECIALLY under Roman rule, they would be considered the sub-humans.
As for the nordic or mediterranean - these terms are, after all, generic. They can't account for the vast genetic differences caused by the numerous migrations and rape that happened over millennia.
Race and racism has always existed in history.
The Ancient Israelite concept of Holy War is de facto a race war. Their conceptialisation boils down to "those men are actually daemons/giants or whatever, we must destroy to get our land."
Also, notice how the land ownership(the culture) is so intrinsically LINKED to the ETHNICITY?