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a ) Extent of exposure done for forehead and orbital contouring. (
b ) The margins of the frontal sinus have been marked with a pencil along with areas of orbital shave. (
c ) Cuts marked using a fissure burr. (
d ) Outer table of frontal sinus removed showing mucosa of frontal sinus cavity. (
e ) Outer table being put back in place after contouring and reduction of nasion. (
f ) Fixation using 1.3-mm titanium plates and 3-mm self-drilling titanium screws. (
g ) Use of 1.4-mm titanium mesh instead of titanium plate. (
h ) Forehead profile seen intraoperative. (
i ) Preoperative forehead profile for comparison
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a ) Severe hypertrophy of frontal sinus; osteotomy cuts marked for frontal sinus and orbital rim shave. (
b ) Outer table removed and nasion area bone remodeling done. (
c ) Titanium mesh fixed over the defect after sinus exteriorization. (
d ) Clinical profile before. (
e ) Clinical profile after. (
f ) Postoperative CT scan. CT, computed tomography.
V-line jaw shave. ( a ) Mandible body exposed. ( b ) Pencil marking of osteotomy. ( c ) After mandibular contouring showing preserved mental nerves on either side. ( d–f ) Postoperative CT scans showing reduction in front and side views. CT, ...
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a–f ) Preoperative views before FFS. (
g–m ) Postoperative views 1 year after FFS. FFS, facial feminization surgery.