- Joined
- Oct 23, 2021
Testosterone
A meta-analysis of 45 independent studies totalling 9760 participants found a positive correlation of 0.14, which is weak.

(Book, Starzyk, & Quinsey 2001)
Even stronger evidence against this hypothesis are experimental studies which show aggression increases testosterone, not vice versa.
(Tricker 1996) (O’Connor 2002) (Batrinos 2012)
Poverty
The results of 3 quasi-experiments can be found in the papers below.

(Sariaslan, Larsson, D,Onofrio, Långström, & Lichtenstein 2014)

(Sarislan, Långström, D'Onofrio, Hallqvist, Franck, & Lichtenstein 2013)

(Sariaslan, Mikkonen, Hiilamo, Aaltonen, Martikainen, & Fazel 2021)
The results of the papers show that poverty is not causally related to violent crime when you control for a high number of variables.
Lead Exposure
The most recent and high quality meta analysis on this subject has found there is a problem of publication bias in the literature, and lead exposure cannot explain a major portion of the 90s crime drop throughout the western world.

(Higney, Hanley, & Moro 2021)
Single Motherhood
A paper analyzing 5 meta analyses found the effect sizes of Single Motherhood/Delinquency explain at best 1 percent in the individual variance in criminality.

(Petrosino, Derzon, & Lavenburg 2009)
A meta-analysis of 45 independent studies totalling 9760 participants found a positive correlation of 0.14, which is weak.

(Book, Starzyk, & Quinsey 2001)
Even stronger evidence against this hypothesis are experimental studies which show aggression increases testosterone, not vice versa.
(Tricker 1996) (O’Connor 2002) (Batrinos 2012)
Poverty
The results of 3 quasi-experiments can be found in the papers below.

(Sariaslan, Larsson, D,Onofrio, Långström, & Lichtenstein 2014)

(Sarislan, Långström, D'Onofrio, Hallqvist, Franck, & Lichtenstein 2013)

(Sariaslan, Mikkonen, Hiilamo, Aaltonen, Martikainen, & Fazel 2021)
The results of the papers show that poverty is not causally related to violent crime when you control for a high number of variables.
Lead Exposure
The most recent and high quality meta analysis on this subject has found there is a problem of publication bias in the literature, and lead exposure cannot explain a major portion of the 90s crime drop throughout the western world.

(Higney, Hanley, & Moro 2021)
Single Motherhood
A paper analyzing 5 meta analyses found the effect sizes of Single Motherhood/Delinquency explain at best 1 percent in the individual variance in criminality.

(Petrosino, Derzon, & Lavenburg 2009)
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