Europe was so ready for war by 1914 I don't think there was any way a continent wide war wouldn't occur. Germany knew there was a deadline beyond which Russia would be too powerful to oppose, and Britain would continue to prop the Ottomans against Russia and Austria for as long as possible.
A continent wide war was inevitable but if by some historical quirk one didn't happen, Austria and the Ottomans would still have collapsed, and the Tsar would likely have been forced to abdicate, not necessarily leading to the Soviet Union. The borders of Europe might be virtually the same as they were in 1930 with a hundred million more bodies. Decolonization would have happened as well. Beyond that I dunno.
Planes and space wouldn't have progressed but spy technology like radios and were evolving.
If WWI didn't happen or happened differently (like a decade later) then I could see WWII and the Cold War not happening. The Tsarist government in Russia would be more prepared since the country was rapidly trying to catch up before the war started, which is why Germany wanted to take out France before Russia could fully mobilize.
The Russians more or less thrashed the Austro-Hungarian forces from the start and if Germany hadn't caught a lucky break and BTFO'd the Russians at Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes fairly early into the war then the economic collapse and military mutinies wouldn't have been a thing and the Bolsheviks couldn't have taken over. I do think Russia may have had a revolution but it'd likely be less bloody and lead to a more liberal government with the Duma in control and the Tsar allowed to stay as a figurehead alongside the Russian Orthodox Church
The Middle Eastern and Balkan wars would've probably happened since Austria was a ticking time bomb of an empire barely held together by bubblegum, Scotch tape, and prayers. Franz Joseph was a strong old-school leader but once he was dead, the countdown to collapse would begin for Austria-Hungary.
The Ottomans were in worse shape and were mainly propped up by the European powers to serve as a counterbalance and a stabilizing force in the Middle East. The Ottomans also had a lot of enemies who'd love to take them out. The Russian Empire was probably the biggest foe and the one that posed the biggest threat, and you also had smaller countries who were weaker but closer to Ottoman territory and with more recent grievances like Greece and Serbia.
Austria-Hungary also had a rocky relationship with the Ottomans but they both had a common enemy with Russia and a common ally in Germany in the years leading up to WWI. Italy also had some enmity with the Ottoman Empire and also Austria-Hungary (which is why they were part of the Entente in WWI despite being a founding member of the Triple Alliance that became the core of the Central Powers)
If the Kingdom of Italy gained prestige and territory by defeating a weakened Ottoman Empire, it could be a major issue in the Middle East or the Balkans and lead to regional disputes
Basically, the Ottomans and the Austrian empires were going to collapse no matter what while Russia and Germany would probably retain their monarchies (though if the Romanovs did stay on the throne, they would be figureheads like the modern Windsors) and both would continue to industrialize.