@AnOminous I would like to hear your view on the free state part of the 2nd amendment.
Such purposive language, like that in the preamble, is rarely directly given weight. It's somewhat less important now, in light of the fact that the Supreme Court currently views the right as an individual right belonging to all free adults. In fact, the current interpretation of the Bill of Rights as also applying to the States further undermines it, as previously, the states were in charge of regulating firearms. It was that right of the states to regulate firearms, such as for instance by seizing the firearms of demobilized soldiers (as Virginia and other states did at the conclusion of the Revolutionary War), that was in part protected against the federal government.
States and the colonies that preceded them also had a long history both before and after the Second Amendment of restricting firearm ownership by, among others, slaves, Catholics, and those refusing to swear allegiance to the state. If we still used the "clear" interpretation of the Second Amendment that prevailed during that time, the states could preclude any and all forms of gun ownership to the extent state law (including the state's own constitution) permitted it.
So it's somewhat against the "clear" language of the Amendment for the federal government (in the form of the Supreme Court) to be able to prohibit a state government from imposing laws relating to gun ownership, as it did in
McDonald v. City of Chicago in 2010, the first application of the general principle of
D.C. v. Heller to a state. (The District of Columbia has a special relationship to the federal government and the general principle was the interpretation of the Second Amendment as representing an individual rather than a collective right.)
It's interesting to note that exact language, though:
"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State. . ."
For a long time, the courts viewed that as limiting language, that is, the Amendment as only protecting that which actually promoted a "well regulated Militia."