War Invasion of Ukraine News Megathread - Thread is only for articles and discussion of articles, general discussion thread is still in Happenings.

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President Joe Biden on Tuesday said that the United States will impose sanctions “far beyond” the ones that the United States imposed in 2014 following the annexation of the Crimean peninsula.

“This is the beginning of a Russian invasion of Ukraine,” Biden said in a White House speech, signaling a shift in his administration’s position. “We will continue to escalate sanctions if Russia escalates,” he added.

Russian elites and their family members will also soon face sanctions, Biden said, adding that “Russia will pay an even steeper price” if Moscow decides to push forward into Ukraine. Two Russian banks and Russian sovereign debt will also be sanctioned, he said.

Also in his speech, Biden said he would send more U.S. troops to the Baltic states as a defensive measure to strengthen NATO’s position in the area.

Russia shares a border with Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

A day earlier, Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered troops to go into the separatist Donetsk and Lugansk regions in eastern Ukraine after a lengthy speech in which he recognized the two regions’ independence.

Western powers decried the move and began to slap sanctions on certain Russian individuals, while Germany announced it would halt plans to go ahead with the Russia-to-Germany Nord Stream 2 pipeline.

At home, Biden is facing bipartisan pressure to take more extensive actions against Russia following Putin’s decision. However, a recent poll showed that a majority of Americans believe that sending troops to Ukraine is a “bad idea,” and a slim minority believes it’s a good one.

All 27 European Union countries unanimously agreed on an initial list of sanctions targeting Russian authorities, said French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian, and EU foreign affairs head Josep Borell claimed the package “will hurt Russia … a lot.”

Earlier Tuesday, Borell asserted that Russian troops have already entered the Donbas region, which comprises Donetsk and Lugansk, which are under the control of pro-Russia groups since 2014.

And on Tuesday, the Russian Parliament approved a Putin-back plan to use military force outside of Russia’s borders as Putin further said that Russia confirmed it would recognize the expanded borders of Lugansk and Donetsk.

“We recognized the states,” the Russian president said. “That means we recognized all of their fundamental documents, including the constitution, where it is written that their [borders] are the territories at the time the two regions were part of Ukraine.”

Speaking to reporters on Tuesday, Putin said that Ukraine is “not interested in peaceful solutions” and that “every day, they are amassing troops in the Donbas.”

Meanwhile, Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky on Tuesday morning again downplayed the prospect of a Russian invasion and proclaimed: “There will be no war.”

“There will not be an all-out war against Ukraine, and there will not be a broad escalation from Russia. If there is, then we will put Ukraine on a war footing,” he said in a televised address.

The White House began to signal that they would shift their own position on whether it’s the start of an invasion.

“We think this is, yes, the beginning of an invasion, Russia’s latest invasion into Ukraine,” said Jon Finer, the White House deputy national security adviser in public remarks. “An invasion is an invasion and that is what is underway.”

For weeks, Western governments have been claiming Moscow would invade its neighbor after Russia gathered some 150,000 troops along the countries’ borders. They alleged that the Kremlin would attempt to come up with a pretext to attack, while some officials on Monday said Putin’s speech recognizing the two regions was just that.

But Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin told reporters Tuesday that Russia’s “latest invasion” of Ukraine is threatening stability in the region, but he asserted that Putin can “still avoid a full blown, tragic war of choice.”

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1. How can USA offer peace on behalf of an other country in a "war they are not in"?
Ukraine is in US' sphere of influence, I assume, and therefore they can pressure Kiev. Sorta like Germany made deals on behalf of Romania pre-WW2 and then pressured Romania into accepting.

Or maybe this is wrong, and US just wants to be the mediator. That works too. Or, in this case, doesn't.
 
I might be retarded but: 1. How can USA offer peace on behalf of an other country in a "war they are not in"? And 2: How can they accept to give up these parts despite sending tons of weapons to them? What parts of the country does USA have interest in?
Maybe the vatnik narrative that the West wants to destroy Russia is wrong, ja?
Maybe the US feels entitled to negotiations, maybe the US actually doesn't want to arm Ukraine (or anyone else) endlessly, but is begrudgingly having to do so as it's confronted with expansionist retard state in the East.
Maybe the US wants things to go back to normal, and has made calculations that it's better to stop spending on Ukraine's arming if Putin can be reasoned with.
Maybe US is naive thinking that Russia doesn't genuinely hate the West, and that things can return to normal with a Russia that's belligerent and aggresive.
 
Ukraine is in US' sphere of influence, I assume, and therefore they can pressure Kiev. Sorta like Germany made deals on behalf of Romania pre-WW2 and then pressured Romania into accepting.

Or maybe this is wrong, and US just wants to be the mediator. That works too. Or, in this case, doesn't.
The analogy doesn't work because of the Nature of US government. Zelenskyy is a high profile figure and can appeal directly to US Media and opposition politicians in a way Romania couldn't pre-WWII. He also has relationships with western European nations where leaders are lining up for a photo op. What happens when Zelensky goes though will be interesting. Once the war is over the US might suddenly start leaking his bank records to the NYT.

Also Romania was a British and Polish ally up until 1939. If the Soviets had managed it better they could have separated Romania and it's oil from Germany.
 
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Zelenskyy is a high profile figure and can appeal directly to US Media
Yes, because US media has never gone media-silent on topics the Gov wanted them to stay silent on.

Like I said, that was just one of the possibilities. Second one is possible too
 
I might be retarded but: 1. How can USA offer peace on behalf of an other country in a "war they are not in"? And 2: How can they accept to give up these parts despite sending tons of weapons to them? What parts of the country does USA have interest in?
I wouldn't dwell on this much, there's probably a bunch of retarded proposals like this being considered. Like it says there, Ukraine still has the final say.
Parts of Ukraine that Russia wants also happen to be rich in resources, so for Ukraine there's more reasons than pride alone to retake them.
 

Who attacked the Nord Stream pipelines?​


The crime scene lies at the bottom of the Baltic Sea, in the chilly waters off the Danish island of Bornholm, close to Sweden’s southern coastline. It was here, in late September, that powerful explosions ruptured the Nord Stream 1 and 2 underwater gas pipelines that ran from Russia to Germany in an unprecedented attack on European energy infrastructure.

The three blasts, which tore through Nord Stream’s steel and concrete reinforced pipes, appeared to bear all the hallmarks of a series of audacious operations carried out in Europe by the Kremlin’s agents even before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Mykhailo Podolyak, an adviser to President Zelensky, the Ukrainian leader, alleged the day after the incident that the explosions were an act of terrorism that had been orchestrated by Moscow. Western countries have been more cautious and have yet to formally accuse Russia, despite widespread suspicions that the Kremlin bombed the pipelines as an act of hybrid warfare.

The identity of who ordered and carried out the attack is, for now, one of the biggest questions of the 21st century. It is a puzzle that holds the key to pipelines that cost around $20 billion and over 15 years to construct and could have yoked Europe to Russian gas for decades to come.

“There are aspects of this mystery that resemble an Agatha Christie novel, in which nearly everyone involved appears to have a motive or would benefit from the outcome,” Sergey Vakulenko, an independent Russian energy analyst, wrote in an article published by the Carnegie think-tank.

Four months on, none of the three separate investigations by Denmark, Germany and Sweden have said publicly who they believe was responsible. Sweden’s state security service announced in November that it had discovered traces of explosives at the site of the blasts, but gave no further details.

The silence around the investigations, which have used underwater sensors, submarines and satellite images to try to establish the facts, has sparked rumours and sporadic accusations of a cover-up, as well as disquiet about the perceived lack of transparency.

“I understand, especially in times of war, that these delicate investigations may require secrecy,” Konstantin von Notz, the chairman of the German parliamentary committee that oversees the intelligence services, told the Tagesspiegel newspaper.

“[But] in a constitutional state, the public has a right to know what really happened. The federal government must break its silence very soon, create transparency, or at least present a plausible narrative.”

A failure to do so is likely to spark dangerous conspiracy theories and “wild speculation”, warned Roderich Kiesewetter, the deputy head of the Bundestag committee. It is also important, analysts said, to determine how the attack was carried out at a time when other critical infrastructure could be at risk during the war in Ukraine.

A western analyst, who asked not to be identified, admitted that he was surprised by the paucity of information that had so far been made available by investigators. “This was a major infrastructure attack. It’s strange that we’ve heard very little.”

The Kremlin has furiously denied any suggestions that it would have targeted its own pipelines, calling the allegations “stupid and absurd”. And some western officials appear to agree. The German investigation is thought to have made little progress so far, with officials having yet to uncover any compelling evidence. However, The Times understands that they remain open to theories that a western state carried out the bombing with the aim of blaming it on Russia.

In addition, 23 diplomatic and intelligence officials in nine different western countries told the Washington Post recently that they had yet to see evidence linking Russia to the attack. Some said they did not believe Russia was to blame.

Some have questioned why Moscow would have blown up the pipelines given that the Kremlin had invested billions into the construction of Nord Stream, whose major shareholder is Gazprom, the Russian energy giant. The project also provided Moscow with a steady stream of revenues, while increasing Europe’s energy reliance on Russia. Gazprom switched off Nord Stream 1 after the start of the war, in a move that was widely seen as an attempt to put pressure on Kyiv’s European allies. Nord Stream 2, which was completed in 2021, never came online. However, Russia could have blown up its own pipeline to sow instability in Europe.

Simone Tagliapietra, an energy policy expert at the Bruegel think tank in Brussels, said the bombing of the pipelines could have been a result of in-fighting within Russia, where it was seen as one of the country’s major achievements since the collapse of the Soviet Union.

“Somebody in Moscow might have been pushing for a restart of the flows, given the economic consequences of the interruption to Russia itself. And [the attacks] might have been a way to prevent that kind of conversation internally in Russia,” he said.

Podolyak, the Ukrainian presidential adviser, had a much simpler explanation. “Don’t look for any rational logic in Russia’s actions,” he told The Times this week. “Russia works differently. It relies on actions which are illogical but that it believes will intimidate. Its economy is on the backburner now.”

August Hanning, a former director of Germany’s foreign intelligence service, argued late last year, however, that several other countries besides Russia could conceivably have had an interest in disabling the pipelines. He named the United States, Ukraine, Poland and Britain. “They all have their reasons,” he said.

All four countries, as well as the Baltic states, were opposed to the Nord Stream 2 pipeline over fears that the Kremlin’s weaponisation of energy supplies would increase Russia’s political influence in Europe at a time when relations between Moscow and the West were at a post-Cold War low.

Russia has had no qualms about playing the blame game, however. In October, Moscow accused the British Royal Navy of carrying out the blasts. The British defence ministry said Moscow was “peddling false claims of an epic scale” to distract its citizens from its army’s failures on the battlefields of Ukraine.

For some, comments made by President Biden just two weeks before the start of the Ukraine war make Washington the main suspect. “If Russia invades, that means tanks or troops crossing the border of Ukraine again, there will no longer be a Nord Stream 2,” Biden said. When pressed on what he meant, the US president replied: “I promise you: We will be able to do it.”

After the blasts, officials in Russia highlighted Biden’s remarks, which they suggested had signalled Washington’s intention to try to destroy the pipelines. Radoslaw Sikorski, the former Polish foreign minister, also referenced Biden’s comments in a Twitter post that read: ‘Thank you, USA.” He later deleted it.

Speaking on Russian state television today, Sergei Lavrov, the Russian foreign minister, accused the US of “direct involvement” in the Nord Stream blasts. He said the attack was aimed at preserving Washington’s global dominance, but gave no further details.

The White House denied that Biden had threatened to blow up Nord Stream, pointing out that his comments were made during a discussion with journalists about potential sanctions that would freeze the pipeline project, if Russia invaded. A short clip of Biden’s remarks, without the context of sanctions, was promoted heavily on social media by Russian bots.

Western analysts also argued that it was unlikely that the Biden administration, which in 2021 waived sanctions against Nord Stream 2 in an attempt to improve ties with Berlin, would sign off on an attack on the pipelines.

“The United States has supported European energy security for decades,” said Benjamin Schmitt, a research associate at Harvard University and a former European energy security adviser at the US State Department. “The idea that this same US administration would suddenly reverse its energy security policy for critical infrastructure protection across Europe and carry out a drastic kinetic strike is unthinkable.”

Yet a recent report by The New York Times suggested that Russia has begun estimating the price of repairing the pipelines, raising once more the question of why Putin would choose to bomb them in the first place. A person briefed on the work said that any eventual repairs could cost about $500 million.

“If this was an attack that was meant to say that the energy link between Russia and Europe can be severed, as well as demonstrate Russia’s influence over Europe, then it appears not to have worked, at least for now. And so potential repairs could be a case of saying ‘well, it didn’t work, so now we need to move on’ and that it would be good [for Moscow] to reopen this channel,” said Joseph Majkut, an energy security analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. A milder than expected winter in Europe and moves to diversify energy supply helped the continent rely less on the Kremlin.

For now, there seems little likelihood of clarity in the near future. And some are warning that the difficulties of collecting sufficient evidence may ultimately prove insurmountable.

“I don’t think it is surprising that there is not a set of conclusive evidence yet,” said Schmitt, the former US state department energy adviser. “The subsea forensics process is going to always take a lot longer. This may be a scenario where we may never have a smoking gun.”

 
I have always wondered a good chunk of the farms has such hate for the Ukraine? Is it being contrarian or just hate the west for being globalhomo?
Terminal case of contrarianism, somehow they came to the conclusion that if Western media lies, Russian media must be telling the truth, so they eat up Russian propaganda and regurgitate it here, amplifying each other's confirmation bias in their hugbox through incessant circlejerk.
Which makes no goddamn sense whatsoever, since in Russia most of the media that amounts to anything is controlled by the state and pushes narratives on their behalf, contradicting which on this topic is criminalized - there's no free press. Thus it can't be trusted for all the same reasons they don't trust media at home.

Pro-russian tards I had misfortune of dealing with tend to be of the opinion that supporting Ukraine and/or criticizing Russia = supporting globohomo. You could say it's both, but depends on the person. American russiaboos tend to be the most exceptional, their minds seem completely warped by US politics and they see everything through that prism.
It would take entirely too much time to break it all down, let's just say it's a whole lot of lunacy.
 
I wouldn't dwell on this much, there's probably a bunch of retarded proposals like this being considered. Like it says there, Ukraine still has the final say.
Parts of Ukraine that Russia wants also happen to be rich in resources, so for Ukraine there's more reasons than pride alone to retake them.
Because Russian diplomats are dumb fucks and regularly leak details of conversations they have with foreign governments, in order to score points. No western government trusts them enough to have off the record discussions about topics such as ceding parts of Ukrainian territory. Even though everyone knows any settlement would have to involve the transfer of Crimea.

To give another example. In Ireland there's a large amount of anti NATO sentiment. It's a small neutral country, but wealthy and has a seat at the table for all the main international bodies. An obvious place for Russia to wield a bit of diplomatic influence.

The Russian Ambassador to Ireland Yuri Filatov however is a complete retard. Whether it's making an application for planning permission to Dublin City Council to build a fucking listening post in the embassy ground, or making threats to Irish Fishermen when the clapped out Rust bucket that is the Aircraft Carrier Kuznetsov tried and failed to conduct an exercise in Irish waters.

He's regularly invited on Irish TV to generate a bit of ragebait, and so he can be laughed at. When someone backed a truck into the Russian Embassy last year (which was completely outrageous and abetted by the Irish Police) the Irish government essentially just ignored him, with words to the affect of "Shure that's just Yury". Even Sinn Fein don't want to be photographed with him.

So Russia has got to the point where even tiny neutral countries are ignoring them. Their only diplomatic leverage is with places like India where they're going to dump their oil and gas (at a massive discount).
 
Lavrov seething against Moldova and its gentle femael el presidente

Lavrov: The Republic of Moldova is seen as the next Ukraine

The Republic of Moldova is the next country in which there is a risk of repeating the scenario in Ukraine, according to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Serghei Lavrov.
More precisely, the head of diplomacy from Moscow believes that the West sees Moldova as "the next Ukraine".
"Now, Moldova is considered for this role. First of all, because they were able to put a president at the head of the country through quite specific methods, far from being freely democratic, a president who wants to join NATO, has Romanian citizenship, is ready to unite with Romania and, in general , is ready for almost anything," Lavrov said in an interview with Russia 24 TV and RIA Novosti, answering the question of which of the countries around Russia can follow Ukraine's path.
 
I have always wondered a good chunk of the farms has such hate for the Ukraine? Is it being contrarian or just hate the west for being globalhomo?
I think it's less hate for the Ukrainian forces attempting to defend themselves from an actual aggressive retard nation who can't take no for an answer on average and more the webs and skeletons the Ukraine leadership has connected with corrupt western ghoul politicians and the large amounts of monetary aid being sent over while parts of the west struggle just to get by.

Me personally? I am not pro-Ukraine so much as anti-expansionist Russia. Historical precedent on just giving an aggressor everything they want just points towards the problem becoming worse down the line.
 
You might remember the Croatian president lunacy/spergout about the conflict from few days ago?
Not so much an article, but more of an opinion/blog piece from Niccolo Soldo, a somewhat controversial figure adjacent to BAP. Soldo is Croatian and often has good insights into the politics of the area, and while he is biased, he's not a retard or liar, which is a great start.
(jannies if you think this is not appropriate, I understand. Gonna attach screenshots, click for full text)
Turns out that the Croatian president statements were somewhat taken out of context.

The Curious Case of the Croatian Commander-in-Chief

"Bigmouth Strikes Again" - Speaking out of turn on the War in Ukraine​

Screenshot 2023-02-02 201537.pngScreenshot 2023-02-02 201603.pngScreenshot 2023-02-02 201636.png
 
Lavrov seething against Moldova and its gentle femael el presidente

Lavrov: The Republic of Moldova is seen as the next Ukraine

The Republic of Moldova is the next country in which there is a risk of repeating the scenario in Ukraine, according to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Serghei Lavrov.
More precisely, the head of diplomacy from Moscow believes that the West sees Moldova as "the next Ukraine".
Considering Russia can't even reinforce the troops they have in their declining breakaway state there, those are some bold claims. Moldova has an extremely shitty military, but any Russian invasion with the limited resources there would most likely provoke a pretty strong reaction from Romania. I just can't see anything being able to be accomplished other than maintaining the status quo.
 
Defence Ministry procurement fraud: court returns nearly US$1 million seized from former deputy minister
A Ukrainian court has returned almost a million dollars that had been seized from former Deputy Defence Minister Oleksandr Myroniuk, who had been involved in an investigation of fraud relating to procurement by the Ministry of Defence. Myroniuk now works for Progress, the state specialist export company.

Source: an article published in Ukrainska Pravda, Millions of ex-officials, kickbacks and fake body armour. The story of procurement fraud in the Ministry of Defence

Details: On 31 August 2022, the Ukrainian media was rocked by the news that a property belonging to Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, then head of the Public Procurement Department of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine (MDU), was being searched. Khmelnytskyi was suspected of being involved in dealing in body armour.

At the time, Ukrainska Pravda (UP) sources were convinced that a huge amount of money had been confiscated from a Defence Ministry official, who had allegedly hidden it in his sofa.
a610de9-muronyuk690.jpg


When questioned by UP, the Ministry of Defence admitted that searches had taken place at Khmelnytskyi's house, but stated that no funds had been confiscated from him.

Now UP has discovered that the huge amount of money was confiscated during a search at a property owned by former deputy minister Oleksandr Myroniuk, who also happened to be in charge of the Procurement Department before his dismissal in 2021. This official is also involved in the body armour case.

During the searches, UAH 17,000,078 [approximately US$463,000], US$400,100 and €100,380 were found in Myroniuk's possession.

The investigator ruled that the money should be admitted as material evidence in the criminal proceedings, and the investigators immediately requested that the court seize these sums.

But from that moment on, the course of events took several interesting turns.

On 7 September, the investigating judge of the Pechersk District Court refused to seize Myroniuk's millions, although that very day it had seized other property that had been confiscated during searches relating to the case.

On 12 September, the Pechersk court nevertheless seized the money. But all the rulings are absent from the court register.

Two months later, on 17 November, Myroniuk's lawyers managed to have the seizure cancelled through the Kyiv Court of Appeal. The judgment was published in the register further to a request from UP.

According to the judge, the investigators had not provided sufficient evidence that the money was the object or result of a crime. In addition, the Unified Register of Pre-trial Investigations contained no information that Myroniuk was involved in the case or that he had been served a notice of suspicion.

The investigators, however, said they "consider Myroniuk's involvement to have been established". According to UP, the police are convinced that the former deputy minister is not merely involved but could also be among the organisers of the criminal scheme.

On 8 December 2022, the Pechersk court additionally ordered the police to immediately give Myroniuk back his millions, since the seizure had already been lifted. Interestingly, no representatives of the prosecution were present at this session, and the judgment was published quietly just before New Year, on 27 December.

It later transpired that the millions recovered from the sofa of the official who had worked for years for state-owned companies and the government were apparently not his, but had been borrowed.

UP has discovered that immediately after the searches, Myroniuk provided the court with a "document" showing that the money from the sofa was not his. A notarised statement, concluded a week after the searches, said that Eleonora Duminsh, an 86-year-old resident of Kharkiv, had lent all the seized money to Myroniuk in January 2022.

The journalists found out that Duminsh was a relative of the founders of Kharkiv-based Xado-Holding, which, among other things, deals with the production of rifles. In addition, Eleonora Duminsh has been registered as a sole trader for wholesale trade since 2016, and when she registered, she gave an email address and phone number belonging to Xado.

Xado has a longstanding working relationship with Progress, where Myroniuk was employed before and after working for the Ministry of Defence.

At one time, Progress had exclusive rights to promote Xado products for export.

UP has asked Myroniuk to comment on the "loan", calling all the phone numbers they have for him, but had not received any response by the time this article went to press.
 
@Useful_Mistake
The World Socialist Web Site is published by the International Committee of the Fourth International, the World Party of Socialist Revolution founded by Leon Trotsky. Its aim is to unite the international working class, on the basis of a socialist and internationalist program, to put an end to the capitalist system and establish socialism on a world scale.
at this point i cant even tell anymore whether youre serious or just deliberately posting garbage to bait responses catparty style
 
I have always wondered a good chunk of the farms has such hate for the Ukraine? Is it being contrarian or just hate the west for being globalhomo?
Because the Ukrainian government is incredibly corrupt, as bad or worse than the Russians. But due to close ties to certain US politicians (Biden especially), all of the skeletons in their closet are conveniently ignored.

The media is trying to play it as Ukraine good, Russia evil. But it's far from that simple.

More on-topic, why would Russia bomb the Nordstream Pipeline? It's what they use to sell their oil. That'd be like a supermarket bombing their cash register.

If anything, Ukrainian and western interests would want that pipeline busted, not Russia...
 
at this point i cant even tell anymore whether youre serious or just deliberately posting garbage to bait responses catparty style
I post the interesting Ukraine news. One of the content aggregators I sometimes look at linked to an article titled "German Social Democrats grasp at world power" by World Socialist Web Site, and man, I knew I couldn't pass up posting that. Didn't even know it was Trotsky kind of socialism, but that makes it even funnier.
 
I post the interesting Ukraine news. One of the content aggregators I sometimes look at linked to an article titled "German Social Democrats grasp at world power" by World Socialist Web Site, and man, I knew I couldn't pass up posting that. Didn't even know it was Trotsky kind of socialism, but that makes it even funnier.
BTW WSWS is a super tankie website, their trotski side went extinct when Russia moved its tanks into Oookraine, since then it's all about the colonial, capitalistic evil West and Oookraine Natzees. Regardless it's super funny. Also super Jewish too lmao, as expected. One of their top guys sperged out at Jimmy Dore because he wanted inclusive socialism with some Boogaloo Boy, and the Jewish dude was triggered that Dore did not understand the severe dangers associating with fascists for economic reasons pose to leftoids.
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It's time for more Nazi stuff tho'!
Hello hello my fellow genocidal SS Aryans!

Ukraine war: 80 years on, we are facing German tanks again - Putin

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Vladimir Putin has compared Russia's invasion of Ukraine to the fight against Nazi Germany, in a speech to mark the 80th anniversary of the conclusion of the Battle of Stalingrad.
Citing Germany's decision to send Leopard tanks to Ukraine, he claimed history was repeating itself.
"It's unbelievable but true," he said. "We are again being threatened by German Leopard tanks."
Germany is one of many countries helping Ukraine defend its territory.
Russia launched its bloody, full-scale invasion almost one year ago, prompting Western countries to send weapons and aid to the government in Kyiv.
Speaking in Volgograd - the modern name for Stalingrad - Mr Putin hinted that he could seek to move beyond conventional weapons.

"Those who hope to defeat Russia on the battlefield do not understand, it seems, that a modern war with Russia will be very different for them," the 70-year-old leader said. "We are not sending our tanks to their borders, but we have the means to respond. It won't be limited to the use of armoured hardware. Everyone must understand this."
Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov declined to elaborate on Mr Putin's comments, but did tell reporters that "as new weapons are delivered by the collective West, Russia will make greater use of its potential to respond".
Mr Putin was in Volgograd to mark the anniversary of the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, the World War Two conflict which saw the Soviet army capture nearly 91,000 German troops and turn the tide of the war.
Over a million people perished in the battle - the bloodiest of World War Two.
Throughout the war in Ukraine, Mr Putin has falsely sought to present Russia's invasion as a battle against nationalists and Nazis - who he claims are leading the Kyiv government.
And he returned to the theme throughout his speech.

"Now, unfortunately, we see that the ideology of Nazism, already in its modern guise, in its modern manifestation, again creates direct threats to the security of our country," he said.
"Again and again we have to repel the aggression of the collective West."
But he vowed that while it was "unbelievable but true" that Russia was again being threatened by German tanks, Moscow had an answer for any country that threatened it.
Volgograd was temporarily renamed Stalingrad for the day to mark the occasion, and earlier this week a new bust of the former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin was unveiled.
Stalin - who led the Soviet Union between 1924 and his death in 1953 - was accused of orchestrating a famine in Ukraine between 1932-33.
The event - called the Holodomor by Ukrainians - killed an estimated 5 million people and was recognised as a genocide earlier this week in Bulgaria.

Mr Putin also laid flowers at the grave of the Soviet marshal who oversaw the defence of the city, and visited the main memorial complex where he led a moment of silence for those that died in the battle.
Meanwhile, thousands of Volgograd residents lined the city's streets to watch a military parade.
As planes roared overhead, modern and World War Two-era tanks rolled along the centre of the city. Some of the modern vehicles were marked with the letter Z, which has become the symbol of Russia's invasion.
Local media reported that regional Governor Andrey Bocharov - who accompanied Mr Putin to the memorial complex - was not at the parade. He had not been seen since 24 January, leading to speculation that he was isolating before meeting the president.
Elsewhere, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said Russia was preparing to take "revenge" against the West for aiding Ukraine.
"Now Russia is concentrating its forces. We all know that. It is preparing to try to take revenge, not only against Ukraine, but against a free Europe and the free world," Mr Zelensky said in Kyiv.
Speaking alongside EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, Mr Zelensky said Russia was "increasing the pace of adaptation to sanctions" and urged the EU leader to impose additional restrictions on the Russian economy.
Later, addressing the National Prayer Breakfast in the US via videolink, Mr Zelensky thanked President Biden for his support and set Ukrainian forces a goal of defeating the Russian invasion in the next year.
"We must do everything we can together so that next year - on the first Thursday of February - we will be able to pray simply with thanks for the obtained salvation from evil," Mr Zelensky said.
 
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