And how does truth interact with intentional infliction of emotional distress?
It doesn’t. Defamation cannot bring forth IIED claim (usually). IIED has higher requirements than any another tort. 8th circuit has noted that “It has not been enough that the defendant has acted with an intent which is tortious or even criminal, or that he has intended to inflict emotional distress, or even that his conduct has been characterized by malice, or a degree of aggravation which would entitle the plaintiff to punitive damages for another tort.” See
Hanke v. Global Van Lines, Inc., 533 F.2d 396 (8th Cir. 1976). Defamation,
especially one where the statement is true, cannot possibly raise to that level. There also must be real tangible and serious damages, like an “objective physical injury caused by the stress, [seeking] medical attention, [confinement] to [ones] home or a hospital, or [loss of] income.” See
Russo v. White, 241 Va. 23, 400 S.E.2d 160 (Va. 1991) (out of circuit, but this generally is true everywhere). This is not merely speculation, cases that allow defamation still usually deny IIED. See, for example,
Strauss v. Thorne, 490 N.W.2d 908 (Minn. Ct. App. 1992)
Minnesota court summed up this very well in this quote: “while some defamatory statements could be so outrageous as to sustain an action for intentional infliction of emotional distress, the particular statements [covering up a murder, suborning perjury, engaging in harassment and illegal investigatory activities, failing to investigate major crimes, and physically threatening witnesses] made against the FBI agent, a public official, were not utterly intolerable in a civilized society.” If all that is not sufficient, than what is? The court noted that “courts applying Minnesota law have been extremely cautious in allowing intentional infliction of emotional distress claims to go to the jury”. See
Conroy v. Kilzer, 789 F. Supp. 1457 (D. Minn. 1992). That is generally true elsewhere.
To sum up and tidy of this mess of a comment into something approaching an actual point, courts hate IIED, and they hate Defamation with IIED more. False statements rarely amount to IIED, and true statements never.