Survival rates for PP in phalloplasty have remained significantly lower than in non-phallo-plasty cohorts, with 5 year PP survival ranging from 75 to 78% [
3,
5]. Infection thus remains a common reason for explant, occurring in about 8.5–17.8% of cases [
3–
6,
11,
12]. Contemporary comparative infection rates in non-phalloplasty groups, remain much lower and vary from 1.1 to 1.7% [
6].
Mechanical failure, cylinder malposition and erosion rates reported in GGAS are unfortunately significantly higher than those reported in genetic males. Mechanical failure develops in 5 to 22% of cases [
3–
6,
11,
12], malpositioning ranges from 4.4-19.4% [
3–
6] and erosion occurs in 4.2-8.1% [
4–
6].
These higher incidences of complications results in more frequent PP revision surgery, which has been described ranging from 37 to 44% (mean follow up 45 months). Only Djordjevic et al. [
11] in their series reported a significant lower revision rate, of 6.6% (mean follow up 43 months).