India's problems begin and end with the caste system.
You can't segregate your population by degrees from "More human" to "Less human" for four thousand years, without it becoming reflective of a kind of cultural-genetic reality, even if it was originally just a conquering race establishing itself over a subordinated one.
If the Indian state officially reestablished the caste system, unironically I feel like, their society would function better.
I know a Marathi, lives outside Pune; he's a prick, but his attitude is to kick the Dalits senseless when he catches them sneaking about on his family's land, because his experience with them is that the more you give, the more they want, and they won't leave you alone until you literally beat them.