Since I work in machine learning now, at least the PhD holders I encounter have relevant technical knowledge. Their big problem is that they're entirely helpless outside of their area of specialization. "What command did you run, what did it do, and what did you expect it to do?" is like pulling teeth with most of them. Zoomer bootcamp kids can figure that out fine, graybeards obviously can figure it out fine, but if you've spent decades working on algorithms for computer vision, somehow you forget that along the way. Unless they went into the managerial track rather than the Super Senior Staff Principal Research Scientist Engineer track. Then they send you some Deloitte "27 steps to deploy an AI workflow" PDF and ask you to implement it by Friday.