It was most definitely Iran. The Assad regime was propped up by Iranian supplied infantry and Russian air strikes. Hearing that both will not help him would have convinced Assad that it's over.
The Iranians kind of disappeared mysteriously after suffering losses early on. There's rumors that they too cut a deal with Joulani. "Fuck off and we'll not bother you on your way out."
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Russian statement: We are utterly buttbroken and we beg for mercy.
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This is the side of "civilisation" according to turd worldists.