The Liberal Party is the oldest political party in Canada, and is the dominant political party of Canada. The Liberals have won 60% of federal elections in Canada since Canada was founded. A large group of Canadians tend to vote Liberal just out of habit.
The position of the Liberal Party swings wildly with its leader. Under Justin Trudeau, the Liberal Party was staunchly Social Liberalism, a brand of leftism that is oriented around strict government regulation and high taxes. The main weakness of the Liberal Party is their desire to make progressive policies is often at odds with their simultaneous desire to keep businesses happy. They're often unwilling to accept that this isn't the 40's anymore, and private companies are a lot greedier and more corrupt than before. The Liberals flounder the exact same way Social Liberalism always flounders. When people are doing well, they're more blind to attempts to weaken what's making sure they're doing well, and capitalism always has its foot in the door with Social Liberalism.
The New Democratic Party is a Democratic Socialist party, the polar opposite of the Liberals in theory.
In practice the NDP and the Liberals align on 95% of issues. The NDP has never won a federal election, though they have been leader of the opposition exactly once. The NDP flourishes in Liberal Minority governments, by being able to leverage the Liberals for the other 5% of their agenda by forming a coalition government. The NDP tends to have better luck securing provincial governments, which is where their agenda is more successful owing to the balance of power in Canada (issues like rent and healthcare are under provincial control). The NDP's biggest critical weakness is the same as most card-carrying socialists: Helping the people is a secondary goal to dismantling capitalism, leading to a great deal of self-sabotage as they spend more time posturing at the Liberals over doing anything useful. You shouldn't need the Conservative Party introduced, but here we go: The Conservative Party's line is Classical Liberalism (or Reaganomics, Thatcherism, Neoliberalism, take your pick). They are in the pocket of businesses and are predominately Pro-America.
The Conservative Party has existed in many forms over the years, formerly called "Progressive-Conservative" (Imao) and Conservative again before that. Whatever their name, their policies are the same: Cut taxes, cut social programs, suck up to the President.
The Conservatives don't really have allies in Parliament so when they get a minority government the Liberals and NDP can effectively deadlock them.
Granted they don't because of the aforementioned NDP posturing problem, but whatever. Under the last 3 Liberal governments, the Conservative Party's only real platform has been "Twink Bad." Taking out new attack ads about Trudeau and astroturfing on Social Media about the carbon tax (which it pretends is a tax on the people), old photos, and generally behaving like a Drama Youtuber. The Conservatives, though at present claiming otherwise, are largely in the pocket of the United States, going as far as to support the Flu Trux Klan and being chummy with Elon Musk. Though attempting to pivot after Trump's aggression, their party line is still wildly Pro-America.
