This setup uses the HF spectrum, specifically
NVIS propagation (
PreserveTube) for beyond line of sight regional communications within a range of 0 to 650 kilometers (0 to 400 miles). All that is needed on both ends of the setup is an antenna, a computer, and a radio.
Most HF antennas are just a length of wire cut to a specific wavelength for the frequency you are operating on, it's very simple and a setup like this gives you
true peer to peer connectivity with no repeaters or intermediaries.
The antenna in the demo video was a 49:1 end fed half wave attached to an arborist weight tossed in a tree. Specifically it is a "Spooltenna" brand one, but you can easily DIY one yourself. (Someone made one earlier in the thread a couple pages back)
HF enables communication beyond line of sight with no infrastructure. NVIS propagation has many advantages because it allows for less volatile band conditions, higher data rates, and because the power is uniform under a received radius it is highly resistant to
radio direction finding. It's also much easier to deploy because you can have the antenna wire as low as a foot off the ground.