It’s an RT-PCR test. You take a sample (probably from airways) and isolate RNA, then reverse transcribe the RNA to DNA and then amplify it up using sequence specific primers. If the corona sequences are in there they will amplify and you can use a probe tagged with various things like fluorescence. Any lab with a PCR machine should be able to do it off supplied with primers and probe.
There’s probably a protocol online, let me see if I can find it...
edited to add: yeah, here.https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/rt-pcr-detection-instructions.html
Archive:
http://archive.li/wip/0fQpf
It’s not hard to do - anyone working in a molecular biology lab will have the tools and ability to do this.
it’s possible it ‘hangs’ in still air yes, most airborne and droplet transmissions do for a short while indoors. Cruise ships are notorious for this sort of thing. Every year a few get hit by norovirus and it rips through the whole ship. Close quarters and poor ventilation of inner cabins plus cleaners using the same cloths on multiple cabins, central food prep, etc. Floating petri dish...
Edited again: it’s a real time PCR so you shove the fluorescent probe in with the reaction and it reads out in real time - you get an amplification curve. This machine is slightly more pricey than your basic lab PCR machine, but not horrifically so. you can still do it in a regular machine with a bit of tinkering, you’d just not get the instant read out.