June 3, 2020
Working Group on the Rights of People of African Descent
c/o Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
United Nations Office at Geneva
CH-1211 Geneva 10
Switzerland
To: United Nations Special Mandate Holders:
The family of George Floyd, his legal representatives, and concerned members of civil society
are appealing to the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, Special
Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Special
Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Special Rapporteur on minority
issues, Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia
and related intolerance, and all relevant mandate holders to request urgent action regarding the
torture and extrajudicial killing of George Floyd, an African American and person of African
descent, that occurred on May 25, 2020 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
On May 25, 2020, Minneapolis Police Department officers arrested 46-year-old George Floyd
after he was accused of passing a counterfeit $20.00 bill at a store, a non-violent crime. During
his arrest, four police officers restrained him using unlawful and excessive force. Officer Derek
Chauvin kneeled on Mr. Floyd’s neck for eight minutes and forty-six seconds while Mr. Floyd
was handcuffed with his hands behind his back. As officer Chauvin kneeled on Mr. Floyd’s
neck, a second and third officer, Thomas K. Lane and J. Alexander Kueng, kneeled on his back
and legs. A fourth officer who was present, Tou Thao, did not intervene to stop the use of
unlawful and excessive force, and instead stood guard to stop citizens from intervening to save
George Floyd’s life and threatened them with mace. After the first four minutes and three
seconds of video footage of Mr. Floyd’s killing, Mr. Floyd’s body goes limp, he loses
consciousness, appears to stop breathing, and is clearly dying; yet none of the officers removed
their knees from his body, including the officer kneeling on his neck. The unlawful means of
violent restraint and excessive force resulted in asphyxia, actually and proximately causing
George Floyd’s death.1
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On May 29, 2020, the State of Minnesota released the preliminary autopsy findings. The
Hennepin County Medical examiner concluded that George Floyd’s death was the result of a
combined effect of being restrained, his underlying health conditions, and potential intoxicants in
his system, and that: “there were no physical findings that support a diagnosis of traumatic
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Nearly the entire incident was captured on video and several eyewitnesses attempted to intervene
and stop the police from using excessive force and a violent, unlawful restraint. The video
evidence clearly demonstrates that the officers tortured George Floyd by using unlawful restraint
mechanisms and excessive force which resulted in an extrajudicial killing. Throughout the
video, one can hear George Floyd tell police officers that he could not breathe at least twelve
times, including within the first few seconds. Witnesses begged the officer to remove his knee
from George Floyd’s neck to stop the obstruction of his airway and said at least three times,
“he’s not breathing,” and told police officers, “you’re cutting off his breathing,” on six
occasions. George Floyd clearly stated: “I’m going to die…they’re gonna kill me…and called
out for his mother to save him yelling ‘mama, mama!’” Shortly thereafter he lost consciousness,
stopped breathing, and his body went limp; approximately four minutes and three seconds into
the video. Eighteen seconds after he went limp a witness yelled: “Look at him, he’s not
breathing.” Approximately fifty seconds after he went limp another witness yelled: “he’s not
responsive.”
Witnesses begged officers to take his pulse more than sixteen times. Two minutes and seventeen
seconds after George Floyd’s body went limp one witness asked: “Did they kill him?” A female
witness identified herself as a firefighter and EMT and begged the officers to take his pulse
numerous times, and when she attempted to render medical attention to George Floyd herself,
police officer Tou Thao ordered her to get back on the sidewalk effectively denying George
Floyd medical attention. Derek Chauvin, the officer kneeling on George Floyd’s neck, kept his
knee on his neck for four minutes and one second after his body went limp and he lost
consciousness, including for one minute after the ambulance arrived. None of the four officers
attempted to perform CPR or any other life-saving measure, again effectively denying him the
medical attention that they were presumably required by law to render during medical
emergencies. The officers knew that George Floyd could not breathe and was dying, yet Derek
Chauvin kept his knee pressed into George Floyd’s neck effectively ensuring that he could not
breathe. The video evidence makes clear that the officers’ acted with premeditation and with the
intent to kill George Floyd depriving him of his universal right to life.
Subsequent to the incident and video footage being made public, the four police officers were
fired. After extensive protests in the United States and around the world, all of the officers have
now been charged with criminal offenses. While this is progress, none of the officers have been
charged with committing First Degree murder for the intentional and premeditated killing of a
person under Minnesota law. Currently, Derek Chauvin is charged with second degree murder,
asphyxia or strangulation.” The Medical Examiner’s bizarre conclusion clearly defied both
science and common sense. George Floyd’s family hired Dr. Michael Baden and Dr. Allecia
Wilson to perform an independent autopsy. The independent medical examiners concluded that
George Floyd was killed by mechanical asphyxia due to neck and back pressure; that pressure
interfered with flow of blood to his brain; that George Floyd died at the scene; and that there
was no other cause of death, including pre-existing health conditions or intoxication.
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and the other three officers are charged with aiding and abetting second degree murder and
second degree manslaughter.
The United States of America has a long pattern and practice of lethal police violence
disproportionately applied to persons of African descent. Many of these cases have resulted in
the failure of state and local governments to hold accountable police officers who commit human
rights violations. For example, in 2014, unarmed African American 18-year-old Michael Brown,
accused of stealing from a convenience store, was killed in Ferguson, Missouri and shot six
times with his hands up. No police officer was criminally charged. In 2014, unarmed African
American Eric Garner was killed in New York City; police accused him of unlawfully selling
cigarettes and held him in a chokehold despite the fact that he told the officer “I can’t breathe”
eleven times before he died. None of the officers involved were convicted of any wrongdoing.
On March 13, 2020, Breonna Taylor, a twenty-six year-old African American woman was shot
and killed in her apartment in Louisville, Kentucky by police officers executing a “no-knock”
warrant; she was unarmed and not accused of committing any crime. No officer has been
charged in her death.
The extrajudicial killing of African Americans by police officers in the United States constitutes
such a pervasive and widespread pattern that White Americans have been emboldened to act as
vigilantes. In 2012, seventeen-year-old African American Trayvon Martin, who was unarmed
and not committing any crime and was shot and killed by a “neighborhood watchman.” On
February 23, 2020, unarmed twenty-five-year-old African American Ahmaud Arbery was shot
and killed by White men while jogging in a Georgia neighborhood. He was committing no crime
and evidence revealed that his killers acted on some apparent authority from local law
enforcement.
On June 1, 2020 President Donald Trump addressed the nation and asserted that he would protect
citizens’ second amendment rights, or right to bear arms. Shortly following this statement,
Sheriff Grady Judd in Polk County, Florida issued the following statement: “The people in Polk
County like guns…if you try to break into their homes to steal, to set fires, I’m highly
recommending they blow you back out of the house with their guns.” We believe that such
statements from authorities further incite vigilante behavior and incite extrajudicial killings of
African Americans by police and citizens.
The United States of America’s failure to appropriately respond to and address police violence
and extrajudicial killings of persons of African descent constitutes an abridgement of their
human rights.
We urgently request that you support our call for the United States and its state and local
governments to:
1) Seek full justice for Mr. George Floyd with all officers involved being charged with 1st
degree murder; we further call for systemic changes including but not limited to:
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2) end qualified immunity;
3) end provision of military equipment to, and military-type training of police;
4) reinstate federal oversight/consent decrees where warranted;
5) establish civilian review boards to aid in the pursuit of justice for victims;
6) mandate the use of body cameras for all police officers and the immediate release of
video footage and audio recordings following incidents involving police killings;
7) mandate training on de-escalation techniques;

support an Independent prosecutor for police misconduct cases;
9) increase restrictions on no-knock warrants and use of non-uniformed police in citizen
interactions;
10) establish an independent commission to review, investigate, prosecute and conduct
independent autopsies in all police extrajudicial killings;
11) immediately implement and follow recommendations made by special procedures of the
United Nations that ensure the United States upholds its human rights obligations,
including in the context of policing and the elimination of racism.
We thank you for your urgent attention to this matter.
Respectfully submitted:
Quincy Mason, Son of George Floyd
Philonise Floyd, Brother of George Floyd
Benjamin Crump, Esq.
Jasmine Rand, Esq.
Jotaka L. Eaddy
Steven Hawkins, Esq.
Gabor Rona, Esq.