The argument in favor of abortion regarding whether or not a child should be born at all if he has no arms and half a spine always arises in discussions on the topic of abortion, yet I would like to see exactly what portion of abortions are actually undergone for that purpose. How does portion compare with the portion that are performed because people, both teens and adults, decide to play around and don't want to face the consequences of their actions?
When my mother was pregnant with her youngest child she was in her early forties. It was a high-risk pregnancy and the baby she was carrying had a high risk of possible disabilities, including a high risk of Down syndrome. I overheard a conversation she had with my father where she said she would probably abort the fetus if amniocentesis turned up positive.
The baby turned out to be perfectly normal and healthy, but you get the idea, and Down syndrome is a manageable condition where patients may grow up to live semi-independently so you see how it may be with more severe disabilities. To use an example, anencephaly is a condition where the two hemispheres of the brain don't fuse properly during development and the child is born missing portions of its brain. There is no hope for the child that results in that case; it has no chance to develop any mental faculties beyond perhaps the basic mechanics of breathing and being alive that the brain stem regulates because there literally is nothing to develop upon. Brain transplant is impossible and every patient born with that condition dies within a year. It depends on whether you believe that one can force a mother to bring her child to term with the full knowledge that its life will inevitably be both brief and full of suffering.
I would argue that if a fetus had no arms and half a spine, the mother wouldn't have an obligation to give it birth. If she did so it would make
her exceptional in being virtuous, rather than the mother who would abort being exceptionally without morals.
Even a single celled organism tries its hardest to survive. Awareness is not required for a desire to live. In fact, only advanced, "aware" species like grown, fully developed humans have the mental ability to desire death. An embryo with no awareness is unable to not desire life.
You're mistaking some broad biological imperative for homeostasis and general survival for an actual conscious desire to live. In biology organisms are engineered to live long enough to produce offspring, and generally by default they continue to live until extenuating circumstances intervene, but that does not mean that a bacterium would know or care if it were alive or dead. It doesn't consciously think "oh I hope nobody rubs me with that hand sanitizer".
An embryo six weeks into fertilization doesn't have any conscious experience. It could grow
up to be a person with conscious experience who looks back and says, "I am glad that my mother gave birth to me," but there is no "death" of consciousness that occurs if termination happens before that can even begin. At most it's a death of potential. Take that process back a little and you may as well be saying that using contraception or choosing not to have children is murder because it puts a stop to the potential development of a person.
As a person who was once an embryo and is now grown, sentient and can make judgments I can say whether I'm glad to be alive or whether I'm not, but if I were aborted before I could become one I'd have no opinion on the matter and I never would. Because I don't exist. And as far as my awareness is concerned, I never existed.
It takes just a few weeks for a child in the womb to develop its basic organs—eyes, a heart, &c.. What is there is a living being; it is not merely an extension of the woman that she is free to cast of as she would an appendix. You stick qualifiers on a being that becomes more and more what your "established knowledge in anatomy and physiology" purportedly calls a human being to avoid calling a human a human.
An embryo does have rudimentary organs and after a few weeks, a heartbeat. I didn't see anyone arguing otherwise.
But that's not really the point. As fetus is considered an "extension" of the woman who's carrying it because it's inviable. It cannot survive independently of that particular mother's womb. This is different from how a newborn baby cannot survive on its own. If a baby is born, and the mother abandons him or dies in childbirth, another person can come forward and care for that child, and he can survive. You cannot rend an embryo from one person's uterus and insert it in another's because if you try that, it will die. Therefore it's considered invioably attached to the mother at least until the point where it could be prematurely born and still possibly survive and that's around 23 weeks into pregnancy.
I've never known enough about medicine to hold a strong view on this but i have never seen a satisfactory reason for deferring personhood from conception for the simple reason that we dont accept euthanasia of the severely damaged on the will of their relatives. It seems very questionable to me that we require a fetus to be able to think or act where we do not expect the same of those outside the womb.
I also support euthanasia but the distinction between that and abortion is that the severely damaged person did
once have a will, even if he no longer does, and therefore there is that will to take into account and thinking about "what they would have wanted". An aborted fetus never had a will or desires to take into account at all.