In Vault 81, there is a quest where a boy gets infected with an unknown disease carried by a molerat, and if you get hit by one you get it too (they are bugged of course, so if only your companion gets bitten then you still get it). The disease is also unremoveable by ordinary means and gives you a permament debuff (-10HP which is practically unnoticeable, but that's besides the point). There is only one cure which get at the end of the quest, and you have to choose whether to save the boy or cure yourself.
Oh, this quest is an even bigger mess than you think it is. First of all, mole rat bites go thru power armor. I know Bethesda had cardboard power armor in Fallout 3 that mole rats could chew thru, but there is zero reason you should get infected while wearing one, especially with the visual upgrade it got in Fallout 4. Second, we need to talk about what happens behind the scenes when you get bit. So, every single effect in the game like using Jet or getting a debuff from hardcore conditions/chem withdrawals ect. is done by a spell. This dates back to the days of Morrowind/Oblivion, but it serves the same purpose in Fallout games as it does in TES, and the Mole Rat Disease is no different. Essentially, it is a debuff/withdrawal that never goes away.
If it's just a few SPECIAL points that take a hit, that's no big deal, you can raise them back easily enough. The problem lies with those pesky 10 hit points, which the game treats as if they are damage you are constantly taking due to how shoddily this spell was handled behind the scenes. What this means is that if you give the cure to the kid, you cannot sleep in your new bed in Vault 81 because you cannot sleep or rest or wait or fast travel when you're taking damage. That's right, you are permanently barred from using any bed for the rest of the playthru, it's bad enough in the normal game but if you are playing Hardcore Mode, you're just straight up fucked. Nobody play tested this, that's why I always go in the debug room and just get a cure from the QA chest whenever I do this quest, as long as I don't get bit or am wearing power armor anyways. BTW, the "cure" is just a Stimpack that heals full health and removes this one specific debuff, I'm not even sure it cures poison or radiation or anything like that. So much for being a cure-all, sad part that this quest is one of the most interesting and complex ones in the entire game.
Oh, and just for shits and giggles, there is another really bad bug here: After the Mole Rat situation has been taken care of, the Jet head loses it and his sister asks you to deal with him, preferably without using violence. Here is the thing, the sister is actually one of the few settlement upgrades in the game, you can assign her to a trade kiosk and she will upgrade it from level 3 to level 4, which is the only way this can be done, and has unique loot for sale like named legendary armor pieces or weapons. These special settlement upgrade NPCs are very rare, and most of them are tied behind random encounters that are almost impossible to trigger reliably due to a bug, leaving a lot of unique gear and kiosk upgrades unobtainable. Anyways, if you talk the Jet head down peacefully, the sister is supposed to go into one of your outposts, but she never will. There was a wrong flag implemented, he actually has to be KILLED but you cannot initiate the fight as she will refuse to talk to you afterwards. What you need to do, and this is the only way to get her as a settler, is to talk to her brother but insult him, so that he is the one that starts a fight, then kill him. Nobody in the vault cares, and now you can give his sister the good news. Oh, and some times even if you do this she will still refuse to go to your settlements, this is a random chance that has nothing to do with your skills or anything else, just a random chance of bugging out for no reason. There are people out there who think is this the best game in the franchise, btw.
Edit: I just checked the wiki and apparently you can just throw the cure on the floor and chose to give it to Austin in dialogue and then pick it up from the floor afterwards and cure yourself. Game doesn't check if you have it in your inventory. I should mention a similar bug occurs in Fallout 3, the raider that ambushes you to take Naughty Nightwear will have a full condition set spawn in his inventory even if you drop the damaged one from the safe if you chose to give it to him. This means you can have two pairs after you kill him, and keep the fully repaired one for yourself.
Talentless hacks make these games.