Foraging - How to forage / foraging discussion

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I'm very much a city slicker myself, and it's been a while since I've gone foraging for berries, but I'd like to start foraging for the sole purpose of finding morels because they look cool and I've heard they taste good.
When hunting mushrooms, it's usually better to learn multiple of them before going out; fungi are very picky fruiters, and most rarely fruit mushrooms yearly. If you return to your previous spot yearly, you'll often find it with a completely new species. Despite this, there's plenty of other good mushrooms beyond the delicious morels. I had a wonderfully wet summer, so I had a wonderful mushroom season. I'll make some posts about them.

As Grub said before, Pleurotaccae (Oyster Mushroom family) is a pretty good pick for beginners. All of them are edible, and other oysterlings (different genera) are of varying edibility, but arn't dangerous. The most iconic one, Pleurotus ostreatus, is what we eat, and is a very good representation of the family as a whole. They heavily vary in shape, either resembling a bracket or even a chanterelle with a white-ish to brown cap. Thankfully, they grow profusely, are quite squishy but tough, and have gills, a very unique characteristic for log-growing saprophytes which usually have pores.

Oyster Mushroom Comp.pngOyster Mushroom Cluster Compressed.png
There are two look-alikes that are deadly to questionably edible: The angel wing mushroom (Pleurocybella porrigens), and the oyster rollrim (Tapinella panuoides)..

Angel wings are mush less thicker in flesh than normal oyster mushrooms, are smaller, have more fragile flesh, and are always pure white. the pale oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) could be confused with it by beginners. The cause of poisoning is the high levels of pleurocybellaziridine, a precursor amino acid that produce six novel amino acids. It' s assumed these amino acids are broken down before they do some real damage to the body, but people with poor kidney function will have these amino acids travel to the brain, which causes serious brain damage and death.

Oyster rollrim has yellow gills and a cap that rolls in at the rim. Because of it's relation to Brown rollrim, a mushroom that, when consumed in prolonged periods, directs the body to literally destroying its own blood cells, it's advised to avoid eating these.
 
Its primo blueberry season right now. If you have a bush or find wild bushes, they're producing like crazy. Now is when you can truly eat breakfast off the vine.

It's healthy for people and weirdly also healthy for some dogs.

Near the end of this month, we'll have an onslaught of blackberry production. I'll be taking home a few pounds of it around that time. I can't wait.
 
Is anybody here interested in foraging mint and its many uses?

I have a lot of stuff I want to share with you guys.
 
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Its primo blueberry season right now. If you have a bush or find wild bushes, they're producing like crazy. Now is when you can truly eat breakfast off the vine.

It's healthy for people and weirdly also healthy for some dogs.

Near the end of this month, we'll have an onslaught of blackberry production. I'll be taking home a few pounds of it around that time. I can't wait.
I got one of them harvesters on a stick last year, ant they really save your back.
 

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Is anybody here interested in foraging mint and its many uses?

I have a lot of stuff I want to share with you guys.
Hopefully I'm not stealing your thunder, but I'll chime in that if you can find mint through foraging, a smart thing to do is take a few cuttings, and place them in a glass of water until they grow their own roots. Now you have your own mint plants, and if you fail to kill them (which is harder than you might think), you now have your own potential lifetime supply of mint.
 
Depending on the area everyone is in- national and state parks may allow foraging for personal consumption. A lot of the trails I take are covered in wild (edible) berries. Please check with your parks first if you choose to go that route.
 
No ask, just share! I want to know.
Here we go!

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First of all, it's important to identify the ideal type of mint that we would like to use for all of these purposes.

Identifying Mint:​


For decades throughout the Western World, horticulturalists have periodically misidentified what is mint, what is spearmint, and what is peppermint. Partially due to this reason, it's difficult to find the right species of mint.

There's a type of mint that's covered in light sugar spots all over the leaves. This is known as pineapple mint. It's almost useless but, like all mint, can be dried and used as kindling to start fires and barbeques. This type of mint is the only kind with the spots on it, so it's easy to avoid. It's not even really mint, in my opinion.

The type we want is the mint that's universally grown in the Mediterranean, as well as Yunan Province in China. The life of Ibn Batutta solidified many years of trading between North Africa and Southeastern China, mostly having to do with green tea and mint, which continues on to this day. We'll get into that more later with the traditional ancient mint tea recipe that's still popular.

So, how do we know it's the type of mint we want? We want a type of mint whose leaves smell the way pure sugar tastes. We should ask ourselves, "Does this smell the way sugar tastes? Does this give me that exciting sensation when I take a sniff?" If yes, we're on the right track and that's probably the right kind of mint.

Mint is a close cousin to marijuana. The type of mint we want does not smell like marijuana. There's two types of mint, on a spectrum. One type smells earthy and very much like a plant. Imagine tree bark. The other type smells sweet and and almost citrusy.

Aside from ensuring there are no spots on the leaves, there's no way to identify the right type of mint based on what you can see. It's all about the smell and the taste.

It took me three years to find the ideal, sweet mint in my area. In the time leading up to that, I could only find mint that was somewhere inbetween. Let me tell you how I judged it.

If you can smell the stem, and taste the stem, and them smell the leaves, and taste the leaves, if the taste of the leaves is drastically different and better compared to the stem, that's good mint (if it's not earthy, like we went over). If the leaves taste similar to the stem, that's bad mint and not the kind we want.

I wish I could just let you smell a leaf of the right kind of mint, but this is the limitation of the Internet.

Use in traditional medicine​


In many cultures, including Traditional Chinese Medicine, mint is recognized as a natural remedy to nausea. If you're feeling sick, smelling mint leaves will alleviate the symptoms. Even better is making an herbal tea out of the fresh leaves. The smell is more aeromatic and consuming it is good for the stomach; it can act as a natural peptobismal, sometimes helping to alleviate diarhhea and the dehydration it causes.

It can also be used as a sleep aid. If you are ever extremely tired and you know you'll fall asleep as soon as your head hits the pillow, you can rub a mint leaf on your neck, pinch a leaf with your fingers, or use the leaves to make tea (simply by soaking them in hot water for two minutes and then removing them) and keeping the tea near you while you sleep. Since scent is so well-tied to memory, you can use this strong smell to bring you back to sleepiness when you want to sleep on another occasion. It's like a natural melatonin (and it's safe for kids). All you need to do is have the smell of mint around bedtime.

Mint also has anti-inflamatory properties and can help with heartburn. The tea is good for this.

Tea:​


Steeping the leaves in boiling water for two minutes, in my opinion, makes the best herbal tea. This can be drank at night, as outlined above.

Adding a tea bag of Chinese green tea turns it into traditional North African mint tea, which a lot of people are nuts for and a lot of companies try to replicate under different branding. You can do this in a mug. Add sugar for the traditional African experience with the tea. So it's sugar, Chinese green tea, and fresh mint leaves. Very yummy and very aromatic.


Mint-fried food:​


You can fry mint in oil, in a skillet, then add chicken wings. Or in this case, beef spare ribs:
It's great how the mint flavors the oil. No matter what, you fry the meat for six minutes. It's delicious.

Mint simple syrup:​


Making this is easy. Adding it to some ice and some bubly sparking water or La Croix makes the best soda.

Chicken Spiedies (Speedies):​


This is a delicious recipe celebrated every summer in New York. It all depends on a tangy mint dressing, used both as a chicken marinade and sauce on the sandwich.



Mint is in season right now and can be up to waist-high.

Enjoy mint, everyone!
 
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Usually I'd just react, but this is such an informative post I wanted to say thank you. This is brilliant, and I don't think I've ever tried mint chicken.
Thank you so much. I really appreciate that.
 
I got a whole lil mental map of where to find the food in its season. The power line cut is a great spot to forage… the full sun helps a lot. We have raspberry canes all over the place, wild blueberry too is in season right now. Later in summer we will have wild grapes.
None of these taste very well, but you can bake them into things and they make good scones and pies.
 
Right now in the Midwest it is blackberry season. Blackberries start to ripen around the time raspberries begin to go out of season and they like the same environments, so if you pick berries you’ve probably got bushes scoped out already. Then once blackberries begin to go out of season, it’s time for fall fruits which are the best; black cherries, pawpaws, persimmons, and wild apples appearing roughly in that order.

If you are someone who is new to foraging your best bet is just to find a wooded area or a field which has been reclaimed by nature and walk around and familiarize yourself with the plants that grow there. You will eventually learn what grows where and which plants like what conditions and which plants often grow alongside each other. For example, when I was a kid and I went out looking for wild strawberries I noticed that wherever I saw strawberries, I also saw these tiny little yellow flowers. Now when I see those tiny little yellow flowers, I know strawberries are possibly nearby.

Tl;dr you will learn best how to find wild food by walking around and looking for wild food. This is a hobby where research is definitely secondary to doing the leg work.
 
If you live in a suburban area, it is worth noting what plants are growing in your neighbor's yards. Sometimes a neighbor will have an apple in the front yard, or a peach tree hanging over the fence. Go ahead and ask if you can harvest some of the fruit once it is ripe and in season. Very often, said neighbor will be quite happy to allow you to harvest some of the fruit, so long as you are respectful of the plant, and don't make a mess of things. Sometimes the neighbor might want some of the jelly, preserves, or pies you make in exchange for picking their fruit. Other times, they'll be quite happy to have you come pick as much as you want, because the more that gets picked, the less they have to clean up when it falls off the tree and starts rotting and attracting pests later in the season.

Other places worth looking are along any pedestrian, bike, or nature trails that run through the area, particularly ones which run alongside any creeks, rivers, canals, or similar. While every plant needs water to a greater or lesser degree, many plants which produce edible fruit want more water than others, and will be easier to find close to natural water sources.

Finally, the shrubs, bushes and trees in parks and in streeet medians can be worth investigating. However, some cities and counties have laws against harvesting or taking from parks and other deliberately cultivated areas. Check out your local laws and make sure you know where you can and can't legally take from.
If you are someone who is new to foraging your best bet is just to find a wooded area or a field which has been reclaimed by nature and walk around and familiarize yourself with the plants that grow there. You will eventually learn what grows where and which plants like what conditions and which plants often grow alongside each other. For example, when I was a kid and I went out looking for wild strawberries I noticed that wherever I saw strawberries, I also saw these tiny little yellow flowers. Now when I see those tiny little yellow flowers, I know strawberries are possibly nearby.

Tl;dr you will learn best how to find wild food by walking around and looking for wild food. This is a hobby where research is definitely secondary to doing the leg work.
Agreed. Researching, field guides, and apps on your phone which can ID plants from a photo absolutely help. But you have to get outside and start looking, and start training your pattern recognition.
 
This thread made me aware that I actually have a sumac growing in my front yard. I had no clue its berries were usable in seasoning but I might just have to give them a try
 
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This thread made me aware that I actually have a sumac growing in my front yard. I had no clue its berries were usable in seasoning but I might just have to give them a try
Sumac as a seasoning kind of sucks tbh. You’re better off brewing a tea with them. This is what I do with sumac fruit:

First, the best time to harvest sumac for this purpose can be determined by looking at the berries. Attached is a picture of ripe sumac clusters. As you can see, they are covered with a whitish substance that is sticky and tastes very tart. Ripe sumac has a tart, citrusy flavor, and this flavor is most pronounced when the fruits are covered in this filmy substance.

Directly after you harvest your sumac, remove any excess leaves and steep the whole clusters in a pitcher of cold water for 20-30 minutes. It is important that you use cold water, as warmer water will draw out the tannins in the stems and give your tea a bitter taste.

Once the tea has steeped (stepped?) remove the berry clusters, and ready a sieve with a coffee filter placed in the basket. Pour your tea through the filter to remove any dirt, plant matter, or bugs that were stowed away in what you harvested (if you look closely, you can see at least one beetle who was on the sumac when I harvested and caught a ride with me.)

Enjoy!
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For my first post on this thread, I would like to be an apologist for a plant too many people hate to see in their yards and gardens: the dandelion. It’s the perfect “foraging 101” plant, because it’s really easy to identify, and unlike a lot of foragables, there aren’t any deadly toxic lookalikes. I think it’s underrated because you can use every part of the plant for multiple usages, which I will suggest here. I think it’s unfairly considered a weed and is a more useful thing to have on your lawn than the lawn itself.

Dandelion-Taxonomy-768x543.jpg


Dandelion leaves
These are highly nutritious and not very bitter if harvested early in the plant’s life cycle. They are nutrient-dense like any dark leafy green, containing high levels of vitamins A, C, and K, and are also a good source of iron and fiber. Per calorie, they’re one of the healthiest things you can eat. You can use them raw in a salad, or make a traditional Greek recipe with them using just olive oil, lemon, water, and dandelion greens. They can also be used in pestos, or in any recipe where you’d usually use stuff like spinach and kale.

Horta: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKYFUWWmDa8

Dandelion flower
The flower buds can be pickled and turned into capers. The flower, after blooming, can be steeped into a concentrated dandelion flower “tea” and turned into a delicious “honey” that doesn’t require any beekeeping. It tastes like liquid sunshine and I strongly recommend it. The flower can also be deep fried.

Capers: https://practicalselfreliance.com/dandelion-capers/
Dandelion "honey": https://www.thespruceeats.com/dandelion-honey-recipe-1806823
Fried dandelion flowers: https://youtu.be/T29nfc0GRoE?si=8Iy4PqY5f8UQz17j

Dandelion root
Dandelion root is rich in antioxidants, helps manage blood pressure, and has inulin, which helps regulate blood sugar. When roasted, it can also taste similar to coffee, but without caffeine.

Dandelion root coffee: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2_u2KuDrf8

I like that this thread exists because plants and mushrooms are a lot of fun.
 
I think it’s unfairly considered a weed and is a more useful thing to have on your lawn than the lawn itself.
So many of weeds in the backyard are criminally underrated; quickweed/galliant soliders, (Galinsoga parviflora), goosefoot/wild spinach/lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album), & field garlic (Allium oleraceum) are examples that profusely grow in backyards.

One of my favorites is the Mallow (Malva genus). Fast-growing and crawling, these Eurasian weeds grow on the edges of farm plots, a misunderstood headache of home farmers.
Alkali Mallow.png

Fig 1: Alkali Mallow (Malvella leprosa, a relative to Malva), a hardy noxious weed present from the West coast to Texas,
Easily recognizable by their round-shaped leaves (giving them the common names buttonweed and cheeseweed), mallows are completely edible, from root to seed. The mild, almost-tasteless flavor, and strong antioxidant properties (1) makes the greens a welcome side to any dish.

Uniquely, they're also known for their mucilaginous properties. Marshmallows were traditionally made by slowly boiling the root with honey. Likewise, boiling the leaves in water will turn it slimy. In the Arab sphere, Khoubiza (mallow) is made into a soup with chicken stock, or turned into a salad-dip with garlic and lemon.
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Fig 2: Moroccan mallow salad.

With how many backyard weeds are edible, it's funny that vegetables are more expensive than grain/meat in supermarket; a fantastic way to supplement a diet without having to spend a dollar. :)
 
For any first time foragers, I highly suggest looking for stinging nettle. I've eaten a ton of it myself, and it basically became a staple leafy green in my diet. I just harvest the leaves and store them in the freezer, taking some out when I want to steam them as a side dish. They taste like spinach, and are EXTREMELY nutritional (25% protein in dry weight) and super high in vitamins.

The reason the stinging nettle has to develop stingers is because if it didn't have this defense it would be gobbled up by every herbivore in the forest. Fortunately us humans have things like gloves to pick the nettle with, and pots to boil the nettle in to remove the stingers. This means we have unique access to this super nutritional plant, and you can find it growing almost anywhere.

You can find it in most forested, damp areas near rivers, normally where there is runoff or drainage that flows through. It is located on every continent in almost every forested region on earth, making it a plant you could go out and find no matter where you are.

Its VERY easy to identify because it stings. Not like "oh it has pokey thorns", it literally has tiny syringe like hairs filled with acid that will sting you if you touch it with bare skin. It's very hard to imagine getting this mixed up with something that lethal to ingest. For all those reasons I suggest it as a plant to search for for all first time foragers. Just read up on how to cook it properly, and bring gloves.
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