Short term solutions are pretty much nil. There are some ways to theoretically fix it in the long run, but any reasonable solution would be a slow, painful process that would likely take hundreds of years to complete. That being said, this is more than enough of a problem that a long term solution is worth the time.
The best way to help the middle-east as I see it is to take a more discreet method that doesn't require helping the existing, backwards governments within the middle-east. My personal theory is that Europe should look to the more moderate parts (stay with me here) of the Muslim world outside of the Middle East and support them to lead by example for the rest. While no parts of the Muslim world would be considered progressive by western standards, there are countries in the Muslim world that seem open to westernization and more progressive change. Morocco is one of the only self-sufficient nations in West Africa, fond of the West, (many Moroccans like to call themselves "Southern Europeans" and Morocco has been historical friends with America) and their government has been steadily democratizing and westernizing, showing at least some openness to change. To skip to the top option, Indonesia is probably the best choice for a nation to help lead the Muslim world by example.
Attention: The parentheses are where I'm giving examples and occasionally explaining the complex issues in Indonesia that I touch upon, so if you don't care about that stuff ignore those parts. There is a lot of extra information and if you aren't interested it's probably tl;dr.
Indonesia:
- Is objectively already one of the most advanced Muslim countries both technologically and economically (from a technological standpoint they're practically modern. The only thing holding them back from being caught up there is that the country has industrialized/modernized so recently that that some rural parts of the country haven't gone through the process yet, which is why the country that at one time had the most Facebook users in the world also has people who still wipe their ass with their hand.)
-Has industrialized rapidly and effectively (see above point)
- Was founded with racial/religious diversity and acceptance as a central theme (the nation is the unifying of numerous local ethnicities, the calendar has holidays from several religions, the national motto is "Unity in diversity.")
-Are projected to likely be one of Asia's leading powers in the future. (
This link goes over the basics of why)
-Are the most Muslim country in the world.
-Are already a Democracy (with presidents and everything)
-Have a highly anti-terrorist government and one of the most brutally effective anti-terrorist units in the world. (This deserves a long explanation because the answer is really interesting. Basically, the reason why everyone hates terrorism is because Indonesian anarchists and seperatists will join terrorist groups to commit anti-government crimes. Indonesian terrorism is a very domestic problem similar to American gang violence, and many Muslim Indonesians have had family or friends killed by terrorists. This has massively backfired on terrorists, as Indonesia is a Democracy and the people have now voted in staunchly anti-terrorist politicians into power. They treat terrorists and terrorist-sympathizers how Duterte treats drug addicts.
Wiki link on the subject again for the basics on terrorism in Indonesia)
-Are extremely progressive for a Muslim country, to the point where LGBT rights are currently the most hot-button issue in Indonesia. (I'm not going to paint it like Indonesia is a safe haven for gay people. Gay rights are an intensely controversial issue in the country and
violence against LBGT people by conservative extremists is common. Many government officials,
including the president's spokesman, have expressed anti-LGBT views and attempted to push anti-LGBT laws, and the vast majority of the population still does not find being gay acceptable.
However, organizations and movements to one day have full rights for LGBT people in Indonesia
have already taken root, and
the president has come out in support for the rights of LGBT citizens, stating he wants himself and other famous Indonesians to come out in support of LGBT rights and set an example for the rest of the country. It should be noted that being reelected in Indonesia is very difficult, and the president has most likely killed his chances of being in a government office ever again by taking such a controversial stance. While LGBT rights are far from good in the country, the fact that improvement of LGBT rights is being discussed at all, much less to the point where the president is risking his political career for it, is a huge step forward from the rest of the Islamic world and speaks volumes about how open Indonesia is towards change.)
If we focused our efforts on improving rights on countries that have actually shown a willingness to change, countries like Morocco and Indonesia, they could influence the Islamic world far better than Westerners are doing right now by focusing on improving countries at the heart of the problem where things are already too far gone to change without just taking everything over.