You seem much more in the know than me on this topic. I just wanted to add on that blackpowder is indeed a lot more powerful than I used to think; Everything Black Powder got a revolver to put out a 45 colt 250 grain round at about 1070 fps, and a 200 grain bullet at about 1150, which surprised me a lot considering that's effectively modern 45 ACP +p velocities. The old ways are still strong without a doubt, and humans have always been very good at killing things, even if the methods were less advanced.
As an aside, I also have watched some videos on recreations of stone age human weapons like the spear thrower, and it's pretty incredible how effective the spears are once you are trained enough to hit. Same for slings. I saw a guy throw a rock through two pieces of sheet metal with a sling. It's easy forget, but humans wanted to kill the same things with weapons 200 or even 10,000 year ago as they do now, and most of the weapons are pretty good at it.