The litany of basic Protestant complains here always seemed very ineffectual to me. It reminds of the debate within Islam over whether revealed prophecy must be taken at its literal word, or whether reason a philosophical process can be used to arrive at further conclusions starting from the basics of the faith. It seems ironic to me that most people in this mold of protestant liberalism, who often bemoan the fall of Ilm al-Kalam as a great civilizational tragedy, become mini Al-Ghazalis when it comes to Christian theology. I find their scripturalist arguments just as unconvincing as those of their Islamic counterparts.
Honestly I don't remember those names and I haven't bothered to look them up, but are you talking about the who Mu'tazilite/Ashari thing? When Islam closed itself off to creative inquiry?
There is indeed a parallel between Protestantism/modern fundamentalism and modern Wahhabism, or older strains of Islam. That's actually a fairly troubling thing for me.
The line of attack that I find particularly effective against Catholicism is one centered around the nature of schism and apostolic succession. I think that, taking all the Catholic claims at face value, the entire Orthodox world since the Great Schism has been 'cut off' from the Church. This, to me, is on its face absurd. I cannot believe that someone like Elizaveta Feodorovna lived her life cut off from God's grace and didn't become a saint. The woman was superhuman - forgave her husbands murderer, gave up one of the largest fortunes in Europe, lived an ascetic life caring for the poor and destitute, then face martyrdom thrown in the bottom of a mineshaft with a live grenade following the October revolution, spending her last moments tending to the wounds of those with her and singing hymns.
I'm no expert on it but it seems plain to me that it was the Catholics who left the Orthodox rather than the other way around. That is, the Orthodox are the legitimate church and the Catholics are the pretenders.
I don't think this is an accurate representation of history. The scientific understanding that drove the industrial revolution bridged the Catholic and the Protestant world. In figures like Savonarola - often seen as a proto-Protestant - you saw a railing against both nascent Capitalism and Renaissance values. The luddites took hold in Protestant England, the Amish are Protestants. Most of the great universities in the Western world were Catholic, and the largescale translation of ancient Greek knowledge from Arabic was done into Latin because it was carried out by the Church. It was overall an exceedingly messy time.
I'm talking about the Industrial Revolution and Industrious/Commercial Revolution, not the Scientific Revolution. The latter spanned Catholic and Protestant Europe. The former clearly began in Northwestern Europe, initially before the Reformation but both directly contributing to the Reformation and then being driven further by it. There was a modern mindset towards how we acquire knowledge, evaluate our world, an understanding of theory, but it wasn't been applied to any useful end in many countries.
I hope you realize, although I can understand how you might have thought this, that I do not believe in the Church bad science good cliche. It's not true at all and, as you said, the Church was the main preserver and sponsor of scholarship (and some practical craftsmanship/agronomy in workshop-like monasteries) early on.
The basis for my rant is a branch of growth economics/economics of religion that's dominated by three scholars, Rubin, Kuran and Buena de Mesquita. Rubin and Kuran lay out an argument that Protestantism went hand in hand with the rise of republicanism and constitutional monarchy in Northwestern Europe which in turn leads to growth, innovation, basically the kind of political climate in which you CAN get the emergence of modern capitalism and industrialization.
The laggards (Germany, France, Russia, Japan etc) took their own path, much like Asian Tigers did in the 20th Century, being cheap imitators of British, American and Dutch (Belgium is under Dutch rule when this stuff begins) brilliance.
The Luddites weren't a religious movement. Amish didn't reject industry to my knowledge. I'm not sure about their living conditions, but Quakers - their direct equivalent in the English-speaking world - tended to become very prosperous through frugality and work ethic. The Amish opposition to technology was a sort of mutation, an unintended consequence, of a lifestyle that prioritized asceticism (within the context of family life, unlike a monk) above all else. They became spergy about it and stopped culturally evolving. Mennonites are the same basic idea, same set of values, but they didn't do that.
People also didn't die at 35, the average lifespan was skewed by higher infant morality. If you lived to 30 you would have a relatively normal lifespan.
I know. Maybe was badly worded, but it doesn't change the fact that half of everyone is dying before they even get to live.
The argument of which religion spreads quickest is also facile in my opinion. If that's the standard, then the true heirs to Christ are Islam & Mormonism.
Well, it's not one of those things where you can be all "I have PROVED your faith is wrong" off of it, but I think that the
manner in which a faith dies.
Let me lay out an idea for you. Religion doesn't promise to make our lives better, right?* Your reward is internal in a happier heart and a more virtuous life, flourishing, but in the material, potentially even in the social you cannot count on anything but suffering and heartache.
But religion is also largely about us getting along more harmoniously with one another, doing the right thing for the world and for one another?
So I'd reason that we could reasonably expect a society that is dominated by a good religion to have a good society and a great deal of contentment.
It's not just the numbers that makes Protestantism stand out. It's the way in which the Catholic stranglehold on Latin America (a civilized, philosophically formidable religion) is crumbling (and then also the growth everywhere else too). That as soon (in the grand scheme of things) as Protestantism got a foothold, and was allowed to grow, it blew the door wide open to Evangelicalism.
It is people
on a mass scale (in countries like Guatemala and Brazil) looking back on hundreds of years of Catholic culture and saying "fuck this" that, to me, is damning of the failure of that religion in their countries.
I have heard that part of it is a rejection of liberation theology.
*Some branches, like prosperity gospel theology or a lot of pagan thinking does, but speaking in general.
It's true that Northern Europe exploded in prosperity, but it's also true that they very rapidly, in the grand scheme of things, progressed to decadence, hedonism, and mass apostasy.
Now we'd need to get into actual data arguments (which I might lose!) or personal experience.
But one thing I swear I have seen is that Catholic countries tend to have higher rates of atheism. France had such a backwards, shitty Catholic Church that it resulted in an extreme laicist backlash that lasts to this very day. Spain was the same but the Church kept its thumb and now it has higher rates of atheism. If I'm not mistaken Scandinavia does maybe have more atheism too, but then again, the United States is far and away the most religious First World country.
Massive sluts of women, too.
The general impression I have of it is that very oppressive or hegemonic churches result in people "checking out" of religion entirely in frustration instead of finding a different denomination that fits them better. And being as you already brought up feeling uncomfortable with the idea that Orthodox are not a legitimate branch of the church, wouldn't you say a heretic is better than a heathen?
Within America, Catholics are notably more likely to get abortions than Protestants, more likely than atheists (!!!) to indulge premarital sex in college, and there's a general impression of them being, by and large, very insincere and casual in their faith.
Hilaire Belloc wrote a book on the Crusades that I once read, and it had a very interesting concluding chapter written at a time when Islam seemed vanquished for good. He wrote that Europe had made a Faustian bargain, selling its soul for worldly power, and that our worldviews/beliefs had very little scaffolding left to hold them up. We were just running on inertia. He made a remarkably accurate prediction that Islam would rise from the ashes because they still had an animating central civilizational belief system - that they would eventually threaten the West again and that the West would be at risk of losing not on a material basis, but due to spiritual impoverishment leading to a lack of will to resist an alien culture.
I read a little Belloc once and I was very, very disappointed with it. (The Servile State)
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I once knew a very nice sedevacantist lady, and talking to her I was struck by the notion (which I didn't voice for obvious reasons) that she was closer in her beliefs to Martin Luther than any modern Protestant. Luther prayed the rosary diligently, believed in most of the things that modern Catholics believed in (communion of saints, apostolic succession). She just thought that the pope sucked to the point where he couldn't be the pope and was ruining the church - which was Luther's whole schtick.
I mean, I don't exactly have a good opinion of Lutheranism. He was the moderate. That's kind of nice in its own way. But my problem with Big Church is it's Bigness to begin with. Reform isn't an option.
This is even where you see that when the big human takeoff takes place, it's at its most intense in the most extremely Reformed areas (Swiss Calvinist, Dutch Calvinist, New England Calvinist, Pennsylvania Anabaptist). Scotland (Calvinist) didn't do as hot materially, but it was extremely rich culturally, and England (Anglican) was an awkward Calvinist-Anabaptist-Catholic messy hybrid.
Since my story mostly revolved around historical outcomes, it is worth noting that Lutheran Scandinavia wound up doing better than the Calvinist English Channel/American peoples, but that has a lot to do with developments that happened long after religion was the driving force in politics.
What I see in Lutheran countries in that same time frame is successful nations, but less so, then the Catholic countries are kind of shitty (with bright spots, like Catholic Austria being very rich musically), then the Orthodox countries are really shitty, and the rest of the world is a dumpster fire.
I think it's a bit odd to be assblasted over the rosary, or asking saints to intercede for you, or the idea of a priesthood. These things have been present in just about every iteration of Christianity since its founding up until a few hundred years ago, and were found in even the earliest splinter groups which weren't nakedly heretical. I think that any belief in Christianity - the idea that God came to earth 2,000 years ago to pass on his teachings and die for our sins - can't be reconciled with the idea that every Church on earth has been wrong for 2,000 years. That millions/billions of souls have been living and dying in error until some people realized 'wow, actually we shouldn't believe in saints and priesthoods'. How is that reconcilable with the idea that the Holy Spirit descended to the apostles on Pentecost? That's a hell of a delayed reaction to start getting things right.
Don't know much about that. They all, all of these weird little heresies that died before canonization of the Bible, had saints?
As far as priesthood goes, depending on what you mean by that, I am certain that they did not all have that. I don't remember it real well, but Lost Christianities (Bart Ehrman) had a big part talking about fights over epistles over whether congregations were subordinate to their bishops.
Overall I actually think that the general attitude of the Catholic Church gets this right. Look at most of the great saints, look at their actions/words. Theresa of Avila, Ignatius, Francis of Assisi, Hildegard von Bingen, Bernardino of Siena - just to name a few. They were all intensely critical of the Church. In fact I think Saint Ignatius is often quoted as saying that the road to hell is paved with the bones of priests, and the skulls of bishops are the lamps which light the way. There's this idea inherent in Catholicism that the Church is necessarily corrupt. That it's a human institution that is in the world, but not of the world. That there's a side that will always cling to temporal power, will always become despotic, hypocritical, and ugly. And there's a side that's supernatural, a side that is a wellspring of holy momentum, which when it emerges in a person that follows God's will more perfectly than most other people (a saint) is focused inwardly on the Church as fiery criticism, and outwardly on the world as evangelical fervor.
I think this is a much more realistic view of a religious institution than the utopian drive that I see in a lot of Protestant denominations - the idea that we can perfect these institutions by getting the right kind of organization, by having presbyters, congregationalism, or a Quaker meeting, or just cutting out the middle men and having the King be the head of the Church. I notice very often this idea of 'forming a more perfect union' applied to church governance - to me it smacks of atheism & utilitarianism. If you believe that humans have fallen nature, and that God is making his presence felt in your Church, I think you end up with this Catholic mentality where everyone knows that the church is corrupt in part or sometimes almost in whole, but that God still works through it and will never allow the corruption to completely destroy the Church.
I don't see that being a drive in these denominations, though. These Protestant sects were either Catholic lite fighting for independence (Anglicanism, Lutheranism), had a far more sweeping plan of reform (Presbyterians) or were the various independent types that wanted to be left alone. It wasn't anything new, aside from that the idea of some of those churches (like Baptists) to not force their shit on everyone was new.
I think a big chunk of this is, how do you conceptualize the Church? Is the Church a body/community of believers or is it a specific institution like some big club that has rules and a membership list and so on? To what I call Big Church (be it Catholic, Lutheran, Orthodox, Mormon or anything else) it's the latter. To most of your Protestants it's the former. Of course they believe their particular interpretation is correct, that's kind of a tautology. They wouldn't believe it was true if they didn't believe it was true. But most of your Protestants fully accept that, at a minimum, other Protestants are part of The Church even if they're not part of their church.
I understand what you mean about accepting that human institutions will be corrupt. i just don't see how it follows that you owe loyalty to a specific priests orders or a specific set of regulations or whatever it is, 100% in faith and intensity, until the end of time, no matter how bad it gets. That no matter how much it may disgrace itself you can never separate from it.
It just reeks to me of bullshit. Bullshit in the same vein as Muhammad's concept of abrogation.
I disagree with this entirely. There have been several deeply Catholic historical revolts against temporal powers. The Vendée Revolt against the terror of the French Revolution, the Pilgrimage of Grace against the excesses of the Tudors, and the Cristero War against the anti-clerical laws passed by the government of Mexico.
Reactionary revolts...
And the anti-clerical movement in Mexico is another great example of what I said about France and Spain.
I think that a lot of Catholic economic thought on usury is super informative and crucial, but it's very hard to find. I remember reading a work by Saint Bernardino of Siena I believe, and he gives a technical definition of usury which really expanded my understanding of it. Most people are just told that usury means 'charging interest' but that's not true at all. How Saint Bernardino described it was 'profit without risk or labor'. In other words, you can profit by laboring, or you can profit by owning in whole or in part an enterprise the actions of which you are personally accountable for. I think if this rule was applied it would revolutionize any economy for the better.
Okay, there may be a more complex take on it than just "charging interest," but that WAS banned, I'm pretty sure. I've read about them having to come up with absurd dodges to get around the ban.
What you're describing sounds like rent seeking, basically. But I'm skeptical that usury was intended to be the same as rent seeking. I'm willing to look into it, though.
You also hear people say it's just "unreasonably high" interest rates, "predatory" interest rates, which gets back into the age old argument about ethics and prices. Really just an extension of just price theory, right? That Aquinas garbage?
He was also around for the decadent decay of Florence from a productive textile powerhouse to an usury-driven warmongering Ponzi scheme. He described the death of the city's economy from usury as blood pooling in a patient's heart before they die. In a productive economy, money is blood. If flows through companies, employees, consumers, changing hands along with products to denote the exchange of value. Once usury sets in you end up with a class who can profit just by investing their money and taking no part in the productive enterprise in which they are invested, and bearing little personal risk if it fails.
Well, they lose if they don't ever get repaid, and much of the time a person needs a loan it's because they don't have the resources. Not always though, oftentimes they can earn their way into paying off the debt.
But I see what you mean.
The closest American equivalent to Distributism that I can think of is Georgism, which sought to deconsolidate property holdings by taxing rents. It's a philosophy that holds special appeal in light of the current housing market debacle.
I like Georgism. Consider myself Georgist and probably (only started taking it seriously recently) Austrian. Don't want people's first home/family farm taxed, but tax the hell out of the rest of it. I think it is very sound economic and ethical reasoning.