This is how I understand the process, is this right?
Normal infection timeline: virus gets inside a cell and turns it into a virus factory, spreads fabricants -> exponentially increasing virus level, begin shedding virus to others; immune system starts trying "keys" to "lock" the harmful virus protein -> symptoms begin -> immune system wins, or covid does
Vaccine timeline: receive vaccine, which stimulates immune system to start making correct "key" for covid "locks" -> personal immune system dictates how quickly the new information is disseminated -> recieve booster vaccine shot (2nd dose) which does more of the same -> [hypothetically] contract sars-cov-2, virus gets into a cell and turns it into a virus factory, spreads fabricants -> immune system is ready and shuts it down quickly (depending on personal immune system), but Covid (the DISEASE caused by the novel coronavirus) fails to develop.
Seems to me that in the vaccine timeline, nothing procludes a positive 'covid' test.
The underlined portion depends on what type of virus it is. DNA viruses (herpes) and Retroviruses (HIV/lentiviruses) basically permanently hijack the cell and use it to slowly produce replicants, usually while the cell continues on its businesses as normal.
Simple RNA viruses (influenza, rhinoviruses, coronaviruses) hijack the cell, quickly create replicants then the replicants burst from the cell at once and go on the hunt for new cells to infect.
Think of DNA & Retroviruses as the GeneStealer Cult from WH40K, quietly producing alien babies while going about their daily lives as normal; and simple RNA viruses as the Xenomorphs from Alien, but instead of one chest buster you're dealing with anywhere from 10-100 new little aliens bursting from the cell.
This is where killer T-cells come in: they basically kill off the cells that have been infected before the viral replicants can be produced; and of course memory T-cells to store the information of what a cell infected by that type of virus looks like.
Most vaccines use some form of viral particle, be it a live closely related species (think Smallpox vaccine), the protein spike of the real thing cleaved to a virtually harmless virus (using a weak common cold to carry the identifying feature of a deadlier disease) or just a dead particle from the target disease.
These new vaccines, however, use messenger RNA (mRNA) to carry the "recipe" to your B-cells to teach them to make the right antibody configuration.
The great question is whether or not these mRNA vaccines also teach your T-cells to recognize an infected cell (
and of course other long-term side effects of a method of vaccine which has literally never been used before now).
The final factor is that the vaccine is claimed to only prevent symptoms of COVID (basically your immune system beating back the virus) but not actually prevent you from spreading it.
This of course, coming after all the autistic screeching and reeee'ing and chimping about how surviving a COVID infection doesn't prevent you from "catching" it again.