- Joined
- Aug 8, 2020
Basically just vomit out some interesting obscura and talk about how cool it is we know that or how autistic we are for studying it:
Ever wonder how protons can stick together in an atom's nucleus? There's literally 20lbs of force trying to rip them apart due to the electromagnetic force. At that small of a scale, that's massive. Turns out neutrons are the key (or part of it). It all has to do with quantum chromodynamics.
As most of you probably know: protons an neutrons are composite particles made of quarks and gluons. I'm not gonna waste time discussing the particulars of the standard model of particle physics, so what I just said is all you really need to know about that. These quarks are bound together via gluon exchange in basically the same way a covalent bond works in a molecule. The "trading" of bound particles between composite particles binds them together with considerable force.
This basic concept applies outside a given nucleon in that a quark will try to "escape" its triplet. The energy required to do so results in a quark/antiquark pair called a meson. These get transferred between nucleons, thus binding them together, again, in the same basic fashion that covalent bonds work. The range of this process is very limited and this is pretty much why nuclear radiation happens.
Too many protons and a lack of neutrons means the electromagnetic force overtakes the nuclear force and it falls apart. Too large of a nucleus and the effective range of the nuclear force is exceeded and the whole structure is unstable. Too many neutrons with a lack of protons results in another form of radiation due to the weak force.
The weak force is like the autistic redheaded stepchild you keep in the basement. He does a lot of weird shit no one fully understands so if he starts making noise you're best just ignoring him. He's got tendies. He's got LEGOs. He's fine.
Ever wonder how protons can stick together in an atom's nucleus? There's literally 20lbs of force trying to rip them apart due to the electromagnetic force. At that small of a scale, that's massive. Turns out neutrons are the key (or part of it). It all has to do with quantum chromodynamics.
As most of you probably know: protons an neutrons are composite particles made of quarks and gluons. I'm not gonna waste time discussing the particulars of the standard model of particle physics, so what I just said is all you really need to know about that. These quarks are bound together via gluon exchange in basically the same way a covalent bond works in a molecule. The "trading" of bound particles between composite particles binds them together with considerable force.
This basic concept applies outside a given nucleon in that a quark will try to "escape" its triplet. The energy required to do so results in a quark/antiquark pair called a meson. These get transferred between nucleons, thus binding them together, again, in the same basic fashion that covalent bonds work. The range of this process is very limited and this is pretty much why nuclear radiation happens.
Too many protons and a lack of neutrons means the electromagnetic force overtakes the nuclear force and it falls apart. Too large of a nucleus and the effective range of the nuclear force is exceeded and the whole structure is unstable. Too many neutrons with a lack of protons results in another form of radiation due to the weak force.
The weak force is like the autistic redheaded stepchild you keep in the basement. He does a lot of weird shit no one fully understands so if he starts making noise you're best just ignoring him. He's got tendies. He's got LEGOs. He's fine.