They're only failing to the extent that the public is apathetic and misinformed, which is a problem only incidental to the subject we're discussing. The fact remains that taking away people's right to vote isn't going to solve any of the problems you've identified, and will in all likelihood, only make them even worse.
It's at the very CORE of the problem. Voting and the franchise is a tool, and it's a tool being placed in the hands of people who are demonstrating a distinct lack of ability to recognize its potential for benefit or harm. More to the point, nothing is being done right now to improve their ability to wield that tool effectively - the opposite is the case. We're seeing all the other rights in jeopardy, and people having this one right is not improving that - if anything it seems to be making the situation worse. The fact that people cannot and will not understand that a polite suggestion to the government that isn't backed by an implication that "right now we're doing things the easy way, but we will absolutely do this the hard way if you fuck it up" is a toothless plea for mercy from an utterly merciless gestalt-machine of powerseeking sociopaths surrounded by useful idiots is a CORE FAILING OF THE ENTIRE PROCESS.
The point you keep missing is that there is a very clear correlation between democracy and political freedom. You can't just handwave this fact away to culture and demographics, unless you want to try to argue that Japan and South Korea are more demographically similar to the United States and Europe than they are to China and North Korea; something which I think demographers, historians, and population geneticists would all very firmly dispute.
The common denominator here is universal suffrage and democratic accountability, and this is perhaps the singular obstacle to your objections making any sense. Until you can A) provide evidence of a superior system which doesn't lead to the problems you speak of, or at the very least, experiences them to a lesser degree, and B) demonstrate that there is a clear correlation (let alone a causal relationship) between universal suffrage and these problems, then your objections are entirely without merit.
There is nothing quite like the United States in the world, and that IS my point. We are not Europe. We are not Asia. We are not even similar enough to other former British colonies for there to be useful comparisons made there. What we can learn from any of those is sorely limited by any combination of things like demographical differences, economic differences, differences in mindsets (in the United States ALONE there are wildly varying mindsets from one part of a state within the union to another for fuck's sake).
Regarding "evidence of a superior system" - this is only part of the picture. We have a system right now that is HILARIOUSLY dysfunctional and is on the verge of becoming more so regardless of the existence of universal suffrage here. To say "well, we can't think of anything better right now!" is unhelpful. Really? Nothing at all? I've already suggested numerous things that aren't outright disenfranchisement - abolish FPTP, bring in STV, weaken the federal, rein in the executive. Those are the "reasonable" fixes. Those are the "workable" fixes. And they'll probably never happen because the machine doesn't WANT that. More to the point, the machine is now in the position where it is dictating your rights or lack thereof as if they were polite suggestions and not "If you fuck with these, we'll fucking end your existence"-tier promises of consequence, despite the franchise being more open than it ever has. How did that happen? The voters didn't do a good job with that tool? You don't say? Can they do a better job? Will they do a better job? Do they WANT to do a better job? All signs point to "no" at this juncture.
A superior system cannot come about with the current system in place, operating as it does. The voters being comfortable with what's happening completely precludes that, and it never occurs to them that their immediate comfort WILL give way to extreme discomfort, possibly sooner rather than later. They willingly believe whatever lies they are told about "nothing to hide, nothing to fear" or whatever the utter codswallop du jour is, served to them on platters by smiling misinformation-mongers and would-be tin-pot dictators.
All governments are incentivized to advance their own power, which is precisely why it is a bad idea to have (much less prescribe) a strong social barrier between those who hold political power, and those who don't. You want the government to serve the people, not the other way around, and the only way you can reasonably guarantee that is by tying the legitimacy of those in positions of authority to the consent of the people they govern. It is a necessary condition for a free society, even if it isn't always a sufficient one in practice.
Our current situation exists in seeming opposition to the franchise of a free people, and no amount of voting has done anything to curtail the constant creep of government overreach. You're talking in "shoulds" and not talking about "is". The vote SHOULD effectively curtail government overreach. The voters SHOULD be more informed and canny. The government SHOULD serve the people. To call the current measures "insufficient" is some kind of strange damnation by faint praise, like calling leeches "insufficient" for curing bubonic plague. It fails to capture the gravity of the system's failure in a remarkable way.
There is little real hope of anything improving, so lets take away what little hope there is by chipping away further at the people's ability to decide who gets to represent them. I'm guessing this argument sounded better in your head.
Hope without sufficient action towards realizing that hope is worse than useless. All evidence points towards actions taken to date being, as you put it, "insufficient".