I hate freaking Spinoza. I'm trying to get some philosophy cred but I'm reading this guy and I just want to blow my brains out. I read this guy moved to the Netherlands so I dunno if this is in Dutch or Italian, but I hate this guy and all his run-on sentences:
For, by substance, would be understood that which is in itself, and is conceived through itself-that is, something of which the conception requires not the conception of any-thing else; whereas modifications exist in some-thing external to themselves, and a conception of them is formed by means of a conception of the things in which they exist. Therefore, we may have no actual existence apart from the conceiving intellect, yet the essence is so involved in something external to themselves that they may through it be conceived. Whereas the only truth substances can have, external to intellect, must consist in their existence, because they are conceived through themselves.
Therefore, for a person to say that he has a clear and distinct-that is, a true-idea of substance, but that he is not sure whether such substance exists, would be the same as if he said he had a true idea, but was not sure whether or no(sp) it was false (a little consideration will make this plain); or if anyone affirmed that substance is created, it would be the same as saying that a false idea was true-in short, the height of absurdity. It must, then, necessarily be admitted that the existence of substance as its essence is an eternal truth. And we can hence conclude by another process of reasoning-that there is but one substance. I think that this may profitably be done at once; and, in order to proceed regularly with the demonstration; we must promise:-
Lists like 4 principles you have to accept and goes back on the last eight rules then goes on:
Therefore, follows that, if a given number of individual things exist in nature, these must be come cause for the existence of exactly that number, neither more nor less. For example, if twenty men exist in the universe (for simplicity's sake, I will suppose them existing simultaneously, and to have had no predecessors), and we want to account for the existence of these twenty men, it will not be enough to show the cause of human existence in general; we must also show why there are twenty men, neither more nor less: for a cause must be assigned for the existence of each individual.