- Joined
- Jul 1, 2017
When you read about it, Confucianism is probably the most conservative political philosophy in existence. Confucianism promotes the family unit as the basis of the entire world, meaning it is pro-family and encourages respect for elders, awareness of one's ancestry and familial traditions. Confucian morality encourages women and children to know their place and not overstep their bounds. In fact, Confucianism encourages women to remain in the household, be good wives and mothers, practice feminine virtues, and never try and exercise political authority over men. Here's a 2,000 year old summary:
In terms of government, Confucians believe the government's only job is cultivating morality and virtue in people. That means the government shouldn't raise taxes to make money or create monopolies. Merchants have to thrive on their own merits and skills meaning a free market. Confucians encourage local industry and craftsmanship over the products of big corporations and their merchants, which are deemed soulless and impersonable. Here is an interesting quote from the Discourses on Salt and Iron, a recorded debate over two thousand years ago between Confucians and big government advocates--this is the Confucians introducing their argument.
Confucianism also demands the government be full of virtuous people who obtained their positions through skill and not by nature of their birth. In old times this meant no nobility and in modern times this means no affirmative action. Politicians are supposed to be proper, virtuous men who cultivate virtue in their subjects. The central government is to set up systems to find and promote these politicians who govern on a local or regional level--the central government plays little role in governing the people's daily lives.
Needless to say, this sounds incredibly conservative, and the only reason it wasn't put into practice was the existence of other Chinese philosophies, foreign religions like Buddhism, and today Western philosophies like liberalism and communism. Why aren't more conservatives and traditionalists in the West advocating we adopt Confucian morality as guiding principles for the government and society?
What are the Five Constant Virtues? They are benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness. Benevolence means not being able to endure (seeing others suffer), loving others, and aiding all living things. Righteousness means doing what is proper. In making judgments one hits the mark. Propriety means to enact. That is, to realize the way and perfect the refined. Wisdom means knowledge. One has a special understanding and can know things before hearing about them. He is not befuddled by matters and can discern the subtle. Trustworthiness means sincerity. One cannot be deterred from his purpose.
In terms of government, Confucians believe the government's only job is cultivating morality and virtue in people. That means the government shouldn't raise taxes to make money or create monopolies. Merchants have to thrive on their own merits and skills meaning a free market. Confucians encourage local industry and craftsmanship over the products of big corporations and their merchants, which are deemed soulless and impersonable. Here is an interesting quote from the Discourses on Salt and Iron, a recorded debate over two thousand years ago between Confucians and big government advocates--this is the Confucians introducing their argument.
But now, with the system of the salt and iron monopolies, the liquor excise, and equable marketing, established in the provinces and the demesnes, the Government has entered into financial competition with the people, dissipating primordial candor and simplicity and sanctioning propensities to selfishness and greed. As a result few among our people take up the fundamental pursuits of life, while many flock to the non-essential. Now sturdy natural qualities decay as artificiality thrives, and rural values decline when industrialism flourishes. When industrialism is cultivated, the people become frivolous; when the values of rural life are developed, the people are simple and unsophisticated. The people being unsophisticated, wealth will abound; when the people are extravagant, cold and hunger will follow. We pray that the salt, iron and liquor monopolies and the system of equable marketing be abolished so that the rural pursuits may be encouraged, people be deterred from entering the secondary occupations, and national agriculture be materially and financially benefited.
Confucianism also demands the government be full of virtuous people who obtained their positions through skill and not by nature of their birth. In old times this meant no nobility and in modern times this means no affirmative action. Politicians are supposed to be proper, virtuous men who cultivate virtue in their subjects. The central government is to set up systems to find and promote these politicians who govern on a local or regional level--the central government plays little role in governing the people's daily lives.
Needless to say, this sounds incredibly conservative, and the only reason it wasn't put into practice was the existence of other Chinese philosophies, foreign religions like Buddhism, and today Western philosophies like liberalism and communism. Why aren't more conservatives and traditionalists in the West advocating we adopt Confucian morality as guiding principles for the government and society?