That's the case in all games. The issue with designing games with any level of high complexity and lots of options is that the power level will vary drastically and will not always be intuitive. I'd forgive Yu-Gi-Oh for this far more than Magic, because Yu-Gi-Oh from my understanding only has an eternal format where all cards through history are legal outside of the banned/limited list while Magic has seen a lot of bans in the Standard format recently which should be the easiest to balance, they also had to change mechanics from how they are printed on cards because they screwed up so much.
Though really the reason you will always have a banned list, even in digital games, is because not only is it hard to test the power level of cards fully in house, but power level scales massively depending on what other cards are printed. Something like Pot of Greed or Ancestral Recall isn't really that broken when the overall power level of the game is low and you can't effectively use all of the cards drawn due to resource limitations. They're insanely broken when there are enough cards with low resource costs and cards that generate resources exist.
One of the best examples of critical mass are cards like Bazaar of Baghdad, which is just a land that draws 2 and forces you to discard 3. It was pretty bad when printed, then over time it gained some tools like Goblin Welder and World Gorger Dragon which let you combo out and that was too good for some formats, but it was still reasonably fine enough and fringe in formats with a very high power level. Then Dredge as a mechanic came out and other cards were printed that enabled it, and Bazaar became such a powerful card that you could mulligan down to 1 card in that deck and if it was Bazaar you still had a really good chance of winning with that 1 card against your opponent's 7.
Lion's Eye Diamond had the same issue, it was the worst Black Lotus, where it made 3 mana and you discard your hand but then the Ravnica tutor gave it combo potential as it wanted your hand empty and Dredge once again when it was strong enough could just use the hand discard and cards like Faithless Looting which played from your graveyard to go off.