My main problem. Was Martin being a shit head with Aragon becoming king in Lord of the Rings. "What's his tax policy?"
Yet in his story a cripple dude becomes king just on the spot.
Also I don't here anyone talk about tax policies in Game of Thrones or his books just noting but sex and incest. How shocking it is because it kills characters at random. When in reality it's just George realizing he wrote too many characters and needs to get raid of them somehow.
I'd just chalk that up to worldbuilding disease, that is, getting so bogged down in trivial minutiae that you forget to write an actual story for your world and/or keep the bigger picture of your world in mind. Certainly Martin's put out plenty of books about Westeros since 2011, just not actual ASOIAF ones. Many such cases.
Aragorn's rise to power also wasn't so simple as 'he showed up to save the day at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields and has the royal sword & looks to be King, so the Gondorians made him King by default'. Tolkien implies or outright shows him working pretty hard for the crown over most of his life, actually.
- Before the events of LOTR itself, Aragorn journeyed to Gondor as a young ranger and spent 23 years working for Ecthelion II, Denethor's father and predecessor, under the alias 'Thorongil', showing the lords and commoners of Gondor that he was an effective leader and gaining their admiration. In so doing, he also gets to learn firsthand how Gondorian society works and what makes its people (from the lower levels of society up to the magnates and Denethor's court) tick.
- Aragorn did the same with Théoden's father Thengel of Rohan and so forms strong personal ties with the leaders of that kingdom, a powerful and long-time ally of Gondor, also well before he returns to Minas Tirith to potentially claim anything. In addition he's friends with an elven prince (Legolas), a literal angel in wizard's clothing (Gandalf) and a kinsman to the Dwarven kings (Gimli).
- He healed people during & after the Battle of the Pelennor Fields (healing hands are said to be another mark of kingship), including Faramir: this despite Faramir being the nominal Steward of Gondor after Denethor kills himself, and thus a direct rival for Aragorn's claim to rule Gondor if he should ever regain consciousness. The result of Aragorn's kindness toward a potential hostile claimant is that Faramir is indebted to him, becomes his loyal ally and he rises further in the esteem of the Gondorian people.
- Aragorn doesn't immediately press his claim on the Gondorian throne while the war with Mordor is still on, and actually explicitly suggests Prince Imrahil of Dol Amroth (the most powerful Gondorian magnate around) should govern as a sort of temporary sorta-Steward until the greater threat is dealt with. Result: the forces of Good don't waste time or worse, resources on squabbling over who should sit the throne of Gondor while there's bigger fish to fry, and Aragorn also solidifies Imrahil's crucial support.
- By leading the armies of the Free Peoples into battle time & again, Aragorn demonstrates to his soldiers that not only is he a mighty warrior wielding the ancient sword of the Númenórean kings, but also that he's willing to subject himself to the same risks they do and that he's not going to just run & hide when the going gets tough for them. This is genuinely important for a medieval king, it's why even the ones who were mediocre fighters at best often had to at least show up to the battlefield despite the risk to their lives.
- In the end, Aragorn doesn't so much just say 'OK guys, throne's mine now' as he does get raised up to the throne by popular acclamation. Where GoT has the Council of Surviving Characters openly laugh at democracy before imposing an elective oligarchy, the people of Gondor want Aragorn to be their king at the end because of his various deeds of heroism in their service. Between this and the support among Gondor's leading nobles which he has cultivated, Aragorn has absolutely ensured he won't have to face popular discontent as he assumes the crown of his ancestors.
That is how a good man becomes a good king, which Gurm would know if he bothered to read the appendices (specifically Appendix B) of
Return of the King and to also pay attention to the subtler details within the story proper. In any case, Tolkien also tells us enough about traditional Númenórean governance (which Aragorn restores as a positive agent of returning tradition) and Aragorn's reign itself to
deduce what his tax policy would have been like: he would not have been an absolute monarch, but one bound by the ancient Númenórean laws & customs (which he could interpret and enforce but not create) as well as the councils of the lords of Arnor & Gondor; he decentralized power, making Faramir Prince of Ithilien and respecting the autonomy of the people of the Shire and the Drúedan Forest; he freed the slaves of Núrn and allowed them to govern themselves, essentially turning the livable half of Mordor into another ally for his Reunited Kingdom; and he waged some wars with Éomer's support to recover Umbar and a few other territories (to connect Arnor to Gondor and create a buffer against the Easterlings), but generally made peace with the Haradrim and Easterlings.
Since we know he respected tradition and the law, fought few wars and dedicated his reign to restorative works like getting a new gate to Minas Tirith (but not new ones, we don't hear about him trying to construct a Great Society-esque welfare system for example) it is reasonable to infer that he probably kept direct taxation of his subjects to a minimum, basing his income on his personal royal estates, fines and possibly loot from Sauron's and Saruman's stashes (for example, he recovers the Elendilmir of Isildur - another important royal heirloom - from the latter's tower, Orthanc). This would be right in line with Tolkien's view of what a good government should be: a small-c 'conservative' one, traditionalist and bordering on minarchist, that rules with a light touch and does not overly impress its will upon nature, its people or its neighbors - 'that government is best which governs the least' and all that, in contrast to the all-controlling, rabidly expansionist, totalitarian and aggressively industrializing Isengard & Mordor which are unambiguously evil.
Tl;dr Aragorn's tax policy is the sort of thing that would make fiscal conservatives cream their pants while leaving big-spending, big government left-wingers seething and coping. Also, since he isn't a postmodernist nihilistic hack, Tolkien was able to weave a story in which a good man becomes a good king in a believable and sensible manner. Martin meanwhile either didn't read LOTR from cover to cover or he did and was pretending not to when asking about Aragorn's taxes, and in any case he never elaborates on
his own characters' economic policies either. Seriously, what's Joffrey's tax policy? All we get in that regard from ASOIAF is 'King Robert spends a lot and Littlefinger is happy to help', 'the Seven Kingdoms owe the Iron Bank a huge debt', and 'Cersei is such an idiot that she will build an expensive war fleet only to hand it off to one of the most obviously untrustworthy bit characters ever without asking any questions'.
None of the human nations were ever really saints, they all spawned their hare of ambitious or evil people. The Hillmen hate the people of Rohan because they eventually drove them out of their old lands when they went to war or allied with other enemies of them. It's a long ancestral grudge that was kept up throughout history. Much like how the Eorlings despise the Easterling tribes due to one conquering and enslaving their original homeland to the east.
It's due to that history that they're long term allies of Gondor, the land they came to live in that is now Rohan was given to them after mutual aid between the two nations. Were the acts of evil men, orcs, and other such forces not intervening its likely the Eorlings would have aided Gondor without second thought. With Wormtongue subverting the king, his son recently slain, Hillmen raiding the lands, and Saruman looming over them they were not in a position to do so.
Honestly a lot of the "Free Peoples" were all well and truly locked up by local Sauron allied forces by design. If they went to aid Gondor they'd leave their homes and peoples to be obliterated. Then those enemy forces could march south to aid the rest of Sauron's already numerically superior armies as well while having a supply line.
Yep, that's why I can't take seriously people who argue that LOTR's morality is a simple 'good and evil' binary and probably racist too. Yeah, Sauron's a literal demon (fallen angel) and thus evil, but the realms of Men are full of moral complexities (as all humans are) and have made more than their fair share of mistakes. Aragorn could've started out as King of a reunited Arnor and Gondor, for example, and spared both realms a ton of grief
had it not been for the arrogant contempt the Men of Gondor had for their fading Arnorian cousins in the reign of his last ancestor to wear a crown. The Silmarillion's full of Elves acting like complete idiots and dicks to one another as well, lest one be misled into thinking they were so much saintlier than Men.
His perspective on decolonization and post-colonial states, as a British guy during the twilight of the empire, is a fascinating one that echoes reality pretty well IMO. The Númenóreans were such cruel overlords, who enslaved many of the native Men of Middle-earth and sacrificed others to Morgoth in their last and most degenerate years, that the descendants of the latter still bore a deep hatred for Númenór's descendants in Arnor and Gondor, despite those realms-in-exile having turned to good long ago. Such grievances are understandable perhaps, and Faramir & Sam express respect and regrets over a Haradrim warrior the former kills in
The Two Towers, but it doesn't justify those Haradrim and Easterlings teaming up with Sauron and trying to bring ruin to all that is good and just in Middle-earth.
The parallels to black Americans embracing the woke train, demanding 'equity', reparations, etc. and chanting 'No wall, no borders, no USA at all' either because or in spite of the advancements since desegregation and olive branches extended to them by white Americans (busing, affirmative action, welfare, etc.) or how countries like Zimbabwe and South Africa have turned out in the decades since decolonization may not have been things Tolkien could predict with 100% accuracy when he died in 1973. But they are patently impossible to ignore all the same, and highlight a much more nuanced attitude on his part than the 'racist, patriarchal, heteronormative British colonialist and imperialist' his modern critics would have you believe of him because he didn't make the Fellowship appropriately diverse by Current Year standards.
Meanwhile the enlightened progressive Martin made his non-Westerosi cultures a mishmash of genuinely unrealistic, insulting and - dare I say - offensive caricatures of ancient Carthaginians (the Ghiscari are comically brutal slavers who feed little boys to bears in the arena, crucify child slaves to taunt Daenerys and eat literal puppy fetuses), Mongols and Plains Indians (the Dothraki, enough said). It's kinda surprising that the wokies haven't canceled him as hard as Lovecraft for this just yet, frankly.