- Joined
- Apr 6, 2019
This likely won't be discussed in the mainstream news anytime soon, but if you subscribe to industry newsletters it is coming up. For millennia we knew when a person was dead- he isn't breathing and his heart is not beating. That was changed in the late 20th century to create a legal loophole to permit organ harvesting from people who still have a pulse. The legal fiction "brain death" was created- and it isn't without controversy:
Neuroscience and Brain Death Controversies: The Elephant in the Room
controversies in brain death
RE: Responding to Contemporary Brain Death Controversies
Another 'Brain Dead' Patient Wakes Up Just in Time
50 years after Harvard panel’s report, ‘irreversible coma’ remains a sphere of controversy
Determination and Associated Controversies of Brain Death
Brain Death at Fifty: Exploring Consensus, Controversy, and Contexts
Despite the continuing controversy and difficulty establishing "for sure" that so-called brain death has occurred, a group of "experts" from transplant medicine are ready to push it to the next level:
Does New Heart Transplant Method Challenge Definition of Death? (archive)
As usual their main concern is that their mucking around with people's lives and deaths will cause a "loss of confidence in the experts" rather than "huh guys is it possible we are butchering people who still feel pain and distress and who, if we had not butchered them, might have woken up and walked away just fine like that kid in the link above?"
This explains how they are already taking organs from people who are not brain dead (and thus arguably not technically dead by any standard) :
This explains how they want to push it even further:
But here is the problem:
Now the usual rebuttal to these concerns, especially from laypersons not otherwise concerned, is "well who cares what happens to that person who was already sick or injured to the point of being comatose anyways- they were gonna die no matter what!" (Which again, I hope the links above have convinced you is certainly NOT the case frequently enough it should give you pause.) Or "I don't care what happens to my organs, if I'm dead, slice me up and pass me around! I'm jaded and nihilistic and in a very cool way don't care about anything!" And the usual rebuttal from "experts" is "If it Saves Even ONE LIFE!"
Now that last line at least should give you pause after the last 3 years. After all, this new innovation means changing the definition of death for every one of us- no matter how old or young, healthy or ill, religious or irreligious. It changes the rules of the game for everyone, the standards of medical care, enormous changes. And if we consent to that, how many lives, exactly, can we expect to be saved by our sacrifice?
So the entire world changes its definition of "dead" and "alive." And in exchange, we receive...2000 lives potentially saved WORLDWIDE.
Out of 8 billion.
We all upend our ancient, instinctual understandings of what is "alive" and thus worth working to save, and what is "dead" and thus beyond hope. To benefit 2000 people in the entire world. Everyone gives up our understanding of "alive" in exchange for benefitting the population of Grinnell College. And the "experts" are eagerly champing at the bit to twist our arms into doing this.
Suspicious yet? You should be.
Neuroscience and Brain Death Controversies: The Elephant in the Room
controversies in brain death
RE: Responding to Contemporary Brain Death Controversies
We disagree with redefining death "based on loss of clinical function of the heart and lungs or the brain," [1] because it deviates from the legal definition of irreversible cessation of cardiorespiratory function or of all functions of the brain, including the brain stem. The latter was intended to protect the general public from injury and harm due to incorrect death declaration. The contemporary clinical criteria have been challenged on scientific, philosophical, legal, and religious grounds. [2-4] Lewis et al. reduce this opposition to "moral or religious beliefs, hope that a patient will recover, or a lack of
acceptance that a determination of brain death is the legal equivalent of a determination of cardiopulmonary death." [1] Religious objection stems from incongruence with the hylomorphic Thomistic concept of death (body-soul connection) underlying Abrahamic faith traditions. The "lack of acceptance" originates from low-level supporting scientific evidence and absence of a coherent philosophical rationale. [4] Furthermore, AAN practice guidelines are more consistent with the brainstem rather than the whole-brain death definition.
Public trust depends on determining death using a criterion with zero false-positive. Although some have advocated silencing opposing views and ending dissension on brain death, [5] we welcome a broad public debate on the basis of contemporary (neuro)science advances, philosophical reasoning, and anthropologic and theologic considerations.
Another 'Brain Dead' Patient Wakes Up Just in Time
Twenty-one-year-old Zack Dunlap from Oklahoma appeared on NBC's Today Show in 2008 to tell an incredible story of hearing a physician telling his parents that a PET scan confirmed that he was brain dead after a catastrophic brain injury. While he was being prepared for organ donation, however, he moved his arm purposely in response to stimuli. Dunlap recovered, went to a rehabilitation hospital, and ultimately went home 48 days later, very much alive.[1]
Earlier this year, 13-year-old Trenton McKinley from Alabama and his parents hit the media circuit to talk about the miracle of Trenton awakening after being declared brain dead from a vehicle accident—1 day before his organs were scheduled to be harvested.[2]
50 years after Harvard panel’s report, ‘irreversible coma’ remains a sphere of controversy
Determination and Associated Controversies of Brain Death
Brain Death at Fifty: Exploring Consensus, Controversy, and Contexts
Despite the continuing controversy and difficulty establishing "for sure" that so-called brain death has occurred, a group of "experts" from transplant medicine are ready to push it to the next level:
Does New Heart Transplant Method Challenge Definition of Death? (archive)
The relatively recent innovation of heart transplantation after circulatory death of the donor is increasing the number of donor hearts available and leading to many more lives on the heart transplant waiting list being saved. Experts agree it's a major and very welcome advance in medicine.
However, some of the processes involved in one approach to donation after circulatory death has raised ethical concerns and questions about whether they violate the "dead donor rule" — a principle that requires patients be declared dead before removal of life-sustaining organs for transplant.
Experts in the fields of transplantation and medical ethics have yet to reach consensus, causing problems for the transplant community, who worry that this could cause a loss of confidence in the entire transplant process.
As usual their main concern is that their mucking around with people's lives and deaths will cause a "loss of confidence in the experts" rather than "huh guys is it possible we are butchering people who still feel pain and distress and who, if we had not butchered them, might have woken up and walked away just fine like that kid in the link above?"
This explains how they are already taking organs from people who are not brain dead (and thus arguably not technically dead by any standard) :
In recent years, another pathway for organ transplantation has become available: "donation after circulatory death (DCD)." These patients have also suffered a catastrophic brain injury considered to be nonsurvivable, but unlike the DBD situation, the brain still has some function, so the patient does not meet the criteria for brain death.
Still, because the patient is considered to have no chance of a meaningful recovery, the family often recognizes the futility of treatment and agrees to the withdrawal of life support. When this happens, the heart normally stops beating after a period of time. There is then a "stand-off time" — normally 5 minutes — after which death is declared and the organs can be removed.
This explains how they want to push it even further:
The Australian group, based at St Vincent's Hospital in Sydney, developed a technique referred to as "direct procurement": after the standoff period and declaration of circulatory death, the chest is opened, and the heart is removed. New technology, the Organ Care System (OCS) heart box (Transmedics), is then used to reperfuse and restart the heart outside the body so its suitability for transplant can be assessed.
The heart is kept perfused and beating in the OCS box while it is being transported to the recipient. This has enabled longer transit times than the traditional way of transporting the nonbeating heart on ice.
But here is the problem:
However, restarting the circulation during the NRP process has raised ethical concerns.
When the NRP technique was first used in the US, these ethical questions were raised by several groups, including the American College of Physicians (ACP).
There are two ethical problems with NRP, he said. The first is whether by restarting the circulation, the NRP process violates the US definition of death, and retrieval of organs would therefore violate the dead donor rule.
"American law states that death is the irreversible cessation of brain function or of circulatory function. But with NRP, the circulation is artificially restored, so the cessation of circulatory function is not irreversible," Peled points out.
"I have no problem with DCD using direct procurement as we are not restarting the circulation. But NRP is restarting the circulation and that is a problem for me," Peled says. "I would argue that by performing NRP, we are resuscitating the patient."
The second ethical problem with NRP is concern about whether, during the process, there would be any circulation to the brain, and if so, would this be enough to restore some brain function? Before NRP is started, the main arch vessel arteries to the head are clamped to prevent flow to the brain, but there are worries that some blood flow may still be possible through small collateral vessels.
"We have established that these patients do not have enough brain function for a meaningful life, which is why a decision has been made to remove life support, but they have not been declared brain dead," Peled said.
With direct procurement, the circulation is not restarted so there is no chance that any brain function will be restored, he said. "But with NRP, because the arch vessels have to be clamped to prevent brain circulation, that is admitting there is concern that brain function may be restored if circulation to the brain is re-established, and brain function is compatible with life. As we do not know whether there is any meaningful circulation to the brain via the small collaterals, there is, in effect, a risk of bringing the patient back to life."
The other major concern for some is whether even a very small amount of circulation to the brain would be enough to support consciousness, and "we don't know that for certain," Peled said.
Now the usual rebuttal to these concerns, especially from laypersons not otherwise concerned, is "well who cares what happens to that person who was already sick or injured to the point of being comatose anyways- they were gonna die no matter what!" (Which again, I hope the links above have convinced you is certainly NOT the case frequently enough it should give you pause.) Or "I don't care what happens to my organs, if I'm dead, slice me up and pass me around! I'm jaded and nihilistic and in a very cool way don't care about anything!" And the usual rebuttal from "experts" is "If it Saves Even ONE LIFE!"
Now that last line at least should give you pause after the last 3 years. After all, this new innovation means changing the definition of death for every one of us- no matter how old or young, healthy or ill, religious or irreligious. It changes the rules of the game for everyone, the standards of medical care, enormous changes. And if we consent to that, how many lives, exactly, can we expect to be saved by our sacrifice?
Currently, there are about 8000 heart transplants worldwide each year and with DCD this could rise to about 10,000, potentially an extra 2000 lives saved each year, experts estimate.
So the entire world changes its definition of "dead" and "alive." And in exchange, we receive...2000 lives potentially saved WORLDWIDE.
Out of 8 billion.
We all upend our ancient, instinctual understandings of what is "alive" and thus worth working to save, and what is "dead" and thus beyond hope. To benefit 2000 people in the entire world. Everyone gives up our understanding of "alive" in exchange for benefitting the population of Grinnell College. And the "experts" are eagerly champing at the bit to twist our arms into doing this.
Suspicious yet? You should be.