The converse of this, when an anime girl who is canonically underage is drawn as an obviously post-pubescent adult generates outrage is one of the most bizarre zoomer trends to me. The 'ackshully she's a 1,000 year old dragon who just looks and acts like a 7 year old girl' and 'ackshully she is canonically 16 and you're a pedo for liking an image of an anime girl drawn off-model with huge tits' are equally stupid.
Nobody cares what arbitrary age is assigned to a cartoon but what it's obviously depicting. It's easy to identify pre and post pubescent body types. If you're attracted to prepubescent body types, whether it's a cartoon or 3d, you're a pedo.

this shit is why i don't trust ages in anime
Omg so
Recorder to Randoseru is just reminding me that this really should be brought up in discussion about what makes something lolicon/shotacon or not.
For those not in the know:
Recorder and Backpack is a seinen 4-koma manga about a 17-year-old sister and her 11-year-old brother. The biggest gag throughout is the fact their ages don't match with their physical appearances, and so high school girls and other adult women who swoon over the boy because he's impeccably handsome get shell-shocked upon hearing or realizing he's still a kid.
Yoiko is about fifth-grader Fuuka Esumi just being a kid, but she has the body of an adult woman. Grown men get naughty thoughts and get peeks of her panties until they realize she's been hanging around with a gaggle of schoolchildren who're her friends and then feel they've been had.
Hatsukoi Monster is about a 15-year-old girl getting her first boyfriend whom saved her from getting hit by a truck, but she finds out he's only 10 which makes her really confused because she's already fallen in love with him. Though apparently the mangaka might be into that which is why she made it, so this one's rather iffy.
Teacher's Time is another 4-koma manga about a 27-year-old teacher who gets treated like she's one of her students (or even just any other kid) and not taken seriously because she's so smol. This was an actual scene:
"Don't forget, at the end of the day I have the body of a grown woman!"
[imagine spot]
I feel called out uguu.
The one big thing these series all have in common is that the main comedy is around how these characters just do not look their age at all. This is something that is pretty unique to Japanese entertainment, in a sense, in that it's not uncommon to come across someone like that IRL, but you very rarely have Western media centering itself around it because it could lead to claims of pedophilia and the like. Anime just doesn't care because it's a drawn, 2D medium, so it can make this sometimes-uncomfortable situation into something hilarious.
So if you ask me, these series (
Hatsukoi Monster is one I'm unsure about) aren't lolicon/shotacon series simply because they're comedic and tongue-in-cheek in nature. It's similar to how
If My Wife Becomes an Elementary School Student has that premise to be "shocking" but it's actually not a lolicon series nor a gag series about size =/= age, it's the furthest thing from it as a drama, and the series itself also is very self-aware about the weirdness of it since the husband is still madly in love with his wife and no longer sees this little girl as anyone
but his dead wife, and the girl (the reincarnated wife) calls him out on it.
This really does go back to context in general, but even though these series could bring out the lolicon/shotacon crowd, they may not necessarily use them as fap material simply because it's hard to stay aroused when you're laughing a lot.