The Burgers have 11 strike carrier groups and they aren’t in the mood to look like pussies anymore.
Losing a single carrier would be a huge blow, still. Sending a carrier into a narrow "green water" environment like the Persian Gulf would be a bad idea.
If nothing else, the advantage of a shore-based missile system is they can basically reload indefinitely while a ship-based VLS is going to have to return to port to reload.
That being said, there's sea access to Iran which isn't the Persian Gulf, and Iran happens to be surrounded on one side by Arabs who hate it, and Iraq which is basically a "playground" for both sides.
USAF birds tend to have longer reach than USN birds, and Israel managed to pull off aerial strike operations over Iran recently.
The problem with the US isn't that its gear isn't good, its warfighters aren't capable, its intelligence is lacking or that its commanders are inherently inept; rather the issue is that you'll get a very effective spearhead of the above followed up with political bullshit.
I said the same thing about fighting the cartels with the US military in Mexico. You have, at best, 2-3 years before the mission goes from a basic standard-issue "destroy enemy/kill leader/overthrow government" to fucking 69 bazillion dollars and 20 years of soldiers getting shot at to bring gender education and heckin fair elections to [hostile country you invaded].