Ok, so like I said, I don't understand this issue very well, but I
think what I said applies even to PSUs that fall within ATX specification. Let me elaborate on what I think and if you or anyone else can point out where/if I'm wrong, please do.
My understanding is that PSU "ripple" refers to variation in the PSU's voltage output (I read
this Gamers Nexus article to double-check). Different components in a PC need different voltages (either 12v, 5v, or 3.3v), so the PSU receives electricity from the wall (say, 120v @ 60 Hz) and uses that input to output at the required voltages.
Page 15 of
Intel's ATX Specification document states that a PSU's voltage output should be within ±5% of those numbers. So for example, the "3.3v" output can be anywhere from 3.14v to 3.47v.
So let's say that PSU 1 produces "ripply" output that spans full range allowed by ATX specification and PSU 2 produces output that is much more consistent (its "3.3v" output in practice is between 3.26 and 3.34).
The function of the capacitors that MSI/Zotac cheaped out on is to further refine the voltage before it reaches the GPU.
Graphics card A (Asus TUF RTX 3080, for example) has the expensive capacitors that are better at refining voltage. It can operate without crashing using electricity from either PSU (e.g., voltage anywhere from 3.14v to 3.47v).
Graphics card M (MSI Trio RTX 3080) has the cheap capacitors. It can operate without crashing using electricity from PSU 2, but may crash when using electricity from PSU 1. The problem is that the actual GPU chip is quite sensitive (i.e., it requires voltage input that falls within a narrow range around 3.3v or else it will crash), and Nvidia's boost algorithm assumes the capacitors are good enough to accept voltage input within a wide range from the PSU (i.e., anything within ATX spec) and refine it so that it can power the GPU without crashing.
So we see the following result from each combination:
- PSU 1 + GPU A: No crashes
- PSU 1 + GPU M: Crashes
- PSU 2 + GPU A: No crashes
- PSU 2 + GPU M: No crashes
In past generations (Turing, Pascal, etc.), the GPU was not as sensitive, and the cheapo capacitors would have sufficed well enough and most consumers would never know or care which capacitors were used. In this generation, the GPU is more sensitive than the AIB partners expected, and that's why we see these crashes.