4 mana is a hell of a lot more than 2 mana, and at the moment there's not enough stifle effects to provide counterplay. Commander revolving around ETB shit means WOTC is pretty averse to printing too much of that effect for cheap.
Correct. That's why the 4 mana spell is, appropriately, worse overall but harder to deal with. I also wasn't referring to Commander. Just Modern and Legacy.
Jace is also hurt as much as he is helped by being a pw because creatures are a lot easier to search up.
Outside of the now-banned Nadu, the combo decks playing either Jace or Oracle aren't playing those cards. They draw a ton of cards, search for something without restriction, or reanimate their Oracle (point against Jace: reanimate effects). They're also the types of deck to consider Pact of Negation.
In Modern, the best decks that play Oracle that weren't Nadu are, in order, Jeskai Breach, Ad Nauseam, Neobrand, and Oops All Spells. Ruby Storm and Belcher use it and Breach in the sideboard as a backup win condition.
Jace sees almost no play in Modern outside of rogue combo decks like Kethis and Belcher, and very rare fringe play as a backup win con in some 4C One Ring Omnath builds.
In Legacy, the best decks that play Oracle are Doomsday, Cephalid Breakfast (which now usually includes Nadu), Paradigm Shift, Thought Lash, Dredge, and Oops All Spells. The best two by far being Doomsday and Breakfast.
The best decks that play Jace are Doomsday, High Tide, Paradigm Shift, and Thought Lash.
High Tide is notable that it includes Jace but not Oracle, since once it goes off mana isn't an issue.
Stifle applies equally to Jace's +1 ability, so this actually negates your point as those effects are essentially an answer for both.
It buys you a turn at most. Oracle is a 2/2 that does nothing after a Stifle. Jace can activate again next turn and win. Or win the same turn if his controller has a draw spell like Brainstorm.
Now all the instant speed cards which can destroy a planeswalker (and/or creature but that doesn't apply to Thoracle) which i can find total...
Around 30. And that's not even digging into all the possible damage spells that could possibly deal 5 or more to Jace and taking him as well. Or looking for "exile" effects which are... like another half dozen.
Now I'm pretty sure 30 > 10.
Cards like Eliminate can't hit Jace, and the cards in your search that are CMC 3 or greater that aren't MDFCs are stone unplayable.
I also ran a search for exile removal that hits Planeswalkers and found that Baleful Mastery is fringe, March of Wretched Sorrow is playable (was unplayable before Necrodominance). What's playable in Modern and Legacy is different, with a bit of overlap. I'm lumping them together for convenience.
going by your "fringe" standard
Fringe just means "on the fringes of playability" for the respective format. Tocatli Honor Guard is fringe because it's a Torpor Orb on a stick that's a human.
You Forgot Brazen Borrower, and a major difference between Jace/Labman and Oracle is that if your Jace/Labman are interacted with while you are attempting a win you instantly lose, Thoracle is safer in that respect because you don't instantly lose if you are going for a win and it gets countered.
Good call. Borrower is an excellent card. I didn't mention the instant loss condition of Jace being bounced since most times Oracle's trigger is dealt with its usually a functional instant loss as well. The times when you're not decked and Oracle is killed and don't win with the trigger is also usually an instant loss. Breach decks are probably exempt from that rule.
Commander had jack and shit to do with why Competitive Magic has gone to shit
When the designers of the game are designing for Commander first, even in sets like Modern Horizons? Yeah, major fault lies with Commander.
Not every "clearly designed for Commander" card is dogshit like Morophon. All it takes is one Hogaak or Nadu to completely fuck a format up for months.
Overall Oracle is definitely the better card simply because, like
@AnotherPleb said, 2 in Magic is so much less than 4.