I don't really understand the problem. Do these Arch distros just not do any verification that the archives it downloads have the right checksum, or at least that they are signed with a valid key (which implicitly tests that they are intact and have not been magically altered by corruption because then 900000000000000000000 times out of 900000000000000000001 the signature would fail to validate)? APT has done both since time immemorial. I can only imagine the rpm infrastructure does the same. I'm pretty sure even Slackware does this FFS.
If that's actually true.. lol. Just use any distribution with a functioning package management system- obviously Devuan is unquestionably the best choice there. But I can't help but wonder whether there's something wrong with your SSD or some other hardware component causing the corruption.
On the other hand, if this is a problem along the lines of whatever Arch PM you're using is downloading a new kernel binary but failing to get the kernel modules package or something like that due to network issues, while still installing the actual kernel, I would assume you could solve that a couple ways: a) just use GRUB and select an older kernel if automatic updates fail to get everything needed and then install the missing packages for the new kernel b) presumably there must be a flag to just... not do the install steps if some packages fail to download?
The biggest problem is that this nigga's using CachyOS on hardware that it's explicitly
not meant to run on. CachyOS is what you run if you're a sweatlord with a tricked out gaming PC and you bought into the marketing propaganda hook, line, and sinker. CachyOS tries to do the Nobara thing where it ships with a heavily modified kernel that enables all sorts of parameters and flags that you can't necessarily touch on a generic binary kernel, but through the Arch ecosystem. The problem is that GloriousEggRoll can get away with doing that in Fedora because the basic userland (incl. the graphical environment) is "frozen" for six months while the kernel, drivers, Mesa stack, and assorted applications get updates pushed out as soon as it finishes its stint in Fedora Rawhide or RPM Fusion Testing.
CachyOS, by stark contrast, is an Arch variant running a custom kernel with similar modifications to Nobara. Have you ever tried maintaining a custom
package in mainline Arch Linux that you tricked the fuck out via the Arch Build System and modifying the PKGBUILD directly? It's lots of fun to
do but it's fucking
miserable if you're trying to
maintain that custom package with the rolling release update cadence Arch and assorted variants must live with. Now think about doing that exercise in futility with a heavily modified kernel with all sorts patches and parameters enabled, on an Arch variant no less, and where stable kernel updates get pushed out way faster than they hit Fedora's default repos. I'll give you a hint:
it fucking sucks unless you're a sweatlord who knows what they're doing... and almost no one can even claim that they know what they're doing beyond "oh, this guy did it like this, therefore it's safe.".
I understand the imperative to avoid LTS distros because the kernel, Mesa, and assorted tooling that most directly impacts gaming
does update uncomfortably fast to trickle back down to an LTS update cadence that ships with LTS kernels. Having said that: you have far better options than CachyOS, let alone Bazzite, at your disposal. Even ignoring the gaming paradigm for a moment here: why the fuck would you run CachyOS on modest hardware when you can just as easily get away with Fedora or openSUSE Tumbleweed instead, and get some modicum of enterprise QA in the process? Custom kernels are nice, but dudes deadass be underestimating how fucking miserable it is to actually
maintain a custom kernel on a rolling release distro, even a semi-rolling or rapid fixed release cycle like Tumbleweed or mainline Fedora. Custom kernels really are the domain of LTS distros where you can maintain your changes without a glibc update borking your shit in arcane and obscure ways that'll make you prematurely bald before you turn 50.
