No. Not all children are reading in school by 8 or 9. Some kids aren’t developmentally ready to read until 11 or 12 some even later. In school later readers have spent 6 years pressured to do something they physically aren’t able to do yet. Kids who read later as homeschoolers spend those 6 years learning in ways that are more natural to them. Once they begin reading, they’re shortly up to level with their age mates.
I know that flies in the face of common wisdom. But common wisdom has zero experience with kids who’ve been growing in an environment that supports their learning to read when they’re ready
instead of being instructed.
What’s tragic is that most educators CAN’T know that children read when they’re developmentally ready. They’re only allowed to experience children who’ve been instructed, some as early as 3 and 4.
Homeschoolers who know children read when they’re developmentally ready know from experience that it happens. Teachers can’t know it because children are being instructed earlier and earlier.
If you’d like to read about how unschooled children
Learn to Read Naturally there are dozens of stories at the link.
EDIT, based on some questions in the Comments.
At what age should a parent worry if their child is not yet reading?
My answer would be different for a homeschooling parent asking about their child reading than it would be for anyone else asking
If a schooling parent asks, I'd say learn more about homeschooling. If it was a homeschooling parent asking about someone else's child I'd add in reading about how unschooling children learn. Read John Holt. Read unschooling parents experiences with their children learning to read. Unschooling parents replace instruction with hands on learning through interests.They replace reading instruction with reading to kids and answering their questions. When unschooling children are developmentally ready they read.
In school a later reading child would be handicapped because schools -- to allow schools to function -- depend on children reading independently by 4th grade. At home it's a non-issue. Kids can learn in ways that are more natural for them. They can listen. They can do. They can ask questions. They can watch. Unschooled kids have no problem finding ways to learn whatever they want without reading.
If a homeschooling parent asked about their own child, I'd ask more questions. I'd find out what the parent had been doing, what the child was doing, what the parent's understanding of learning to read was, what their concern looked like and how it affected their child.
One non-reading 11 year old may not be developmentally ready. Another may have been traumatized by pressure in school. Another may have pulled away from reading because of pressure by a parent. Another may have a mother hovering and worrying. My daughter didn't read a novel until she was 12 or so. She could read before that but chose not to. Then through audio books she discovered an adult mystery series she loved and she just took off from there. As a young adult she's never without a book she's reading.
Experience, environment, development, personality will all play a much larger part in why a child isn't reading than their age. So my answer wouldn't be based on age. It would be based on what's going on with the child.
One reason people have embraced homeschooling is the rejection of the idea that children can be treated uniformly by their age. Their personalities, interests, learning styles, innate skills, environment are far far more important factors in learning. The only factor age plays is that the important factors all change with age.
Schools divide kids up by age because they have one teacher managing 30 students. Dividing kids up by age is convenient for schools. It's for the purposes of school, not because the children need divided up by age.
Another answerer mentioned that she thought homeschoolers were part of the illiteracy problem.
Only 3% of families homeschool. Even if every singe one of those kids was illiterate it would hardly be a drop in the bucket of illiteracy in America.
But they aren't. Most parents homeschool to provide an environment that's better suited to their children's learning needs than the generic (supposedly) one-size-fits-all environment of school. Their goal is to do better than school not worse!
So the statement is utter nonsense.
While some parents homeschool for isolationist religious reasons and some to escape modern society, they're a small fraction of that 3%. And even they want their kids to read! The number who are failing is tiny among homeschoolers and minuscule compared to schools.
If anyone is truly concerned about illiteracy in America it's illiteracy in schools where they should focus their concern. Why are there kids in school who can't read when they're supposedly being handled by experts?
Illiteracy isn't caused by a lack of expertise in teaching reading. It's caused by environment that doesn't support a child learning to read when they're developmentally ready. Instructing a child in reading before they're developmentally ready makes as much sense as walking lessons for a 6 month old and speaking lessons for a 3 month old.
The reason I know development and environment are the key factors in literacy is from 20 years of experience with unschooling families. Without instruction and with an environment that supports children reading, the ability to read clicks when kids are developmentally ready. It might be at 3. It might be at 12. Even if it's late, unschooling kids are shortly, within weeks or months, reading at the level of their age-mates.
Schools don't have the luxury of creating the environment that each child needs. So they instruct kids based on age rather than an individual's developmental ability. Schools aren't designed for individualized learning.
Homeschooling seems to me like it would have rather variable outcomes —perhaps more so than public schools. Is that the case?
It seems like it. And to a desert dweller oceans would seem impossible.
Schools are designed for mass instruction. The original purpose of public schools was to raise the minimum level of education of the masses. They were never designed to nurture individual learning. The design of schools hasn't changed from the model for mass education.
Parents who want to tailor learning to their child won't get results at any stage that look like school. If school is used as some universal standard, the less the homeschooling looks like school, the more the parents will look like they're failing. But the more the parents understand the difference between the needs of mass instruction and the learning needs of their own child, the more they'll realize how nonsensical it is to use school as a measuring stick. They look directly at their children and their children's needs and help them where they are.
It would be like using the equipment, steps and standards that Wonder Bread uses to make their uniform squishy white bread to bake a loaf of whole wheat walnut bread. While also recognizing that Wonder Bread -- as do schools -- has a certain level of scrap that they expect to produce.
Where's the evidence that school-like learning is the gold standard? My husband is a college adjunct. He teaches remedial math to college students. The kids in his class aren't homeschooled students! These are public school students. He's teaching them what schools are failing to teach them.
Do you have any stats for how home schoolers perform on standardized testing?
There's National Home Education Research Institute (NHERI)
Research Facts on Homeschooling . They should have statistics.
Some homeschoolers try to recreate school at home. Some shoot for school standards in other ways. They're the ones who are more likely to take standardized tests. So standardized testing results of homeschoolers is self-selecting. Families who are homeschooling totally different from school aren't likely to see worth in standardized tests.
My daughter whose homeschooling looked nothing like school took the SATs. All we did was go through the practice tests so she could get a feel for what it was like. We talked strategy like guessing when you could narrow the answers down to 2 and skipping the questions she had no idea on (since wrong answers are penalized.) It was her first ever test like that. She performed about the middle of the pack. She says she knows she could do better if she took it again.
So what did 12+ years of instruction do for the kids who had the same score or less that she got without all the supposedly necessary school preparation? Considering my husband's job teaching remedial math to college students, school instruction is harming many of them.
I changed the question details to 3rd-5th grade,out of respect for your answer.
Because the child in question is now a 3rd-5th grader? Or because this is a hypothetical child?
Hypothetical children don’t read. They’re mental constructs. All sorts of reasonable-sounding reasons why a hypothetical child isn’t reading could be made up. But do those reasons happen in reality? The reasons may sound possible, but that doesn’t mean they actually happen.
Why a child isn’t doing something is more important than what they’re not doing. Real children have real reasons that can be dug into and analyzed. Parents can tweak the environment to see what happens. On the other hand, hypothetical children have a creator making everything up to suit the answer they want for their question.