That isn't really the case, though. Those were civil rights laws, specifically the one now codified at
18 U.S.C. § 241, which as subsequently modified by Congress provides:
This is (part of) what used to be called the Klan Act, as it prohibited activities the Klan was engaged in, but you will note there is no language about the motivation of the person who does it, or even any special protection for the category of people it was, at the time, aimed at protecting.
Anyone who does this kind of thing to anyone is guilty of a crime, regardless of their motivation.
Hate crimes are an entirely different concept, and in uncivilized countries, actively criminalize things that wouldn't even be crimes without such statutes.
And in the United States, while they aren't as bad as that, they still enhance penalties solely because of the races of the victim and perpetrator. They're not supposed to, they're supposed to be based on bias motivation (and would still be bad even under that theory), but in actuality, they privilege those seen as minorities. Minorities can outright torture and murder a white person while yelling about how much they hate white people and prosecutors will refuse to prosecute it as a hate crime.