The Soviets reindustrialized in about 5-10 years, starting with a population much of which was illiterate, innumerate and had never seen a watch (as described vividly in Darkness At Noon.) They were very constrained not only in human resources but in other profound ways.
For instance, they were ideologically stuck with extreme central planning and punishment as a major motivator; extreme profit opportunities and private capital were nonexistent/criminalized.
Foreign currency was scarce, Russian currency wasn't very liquid, so they had to raise money for industrial machinery, foreign experts etc by looting the nation- church artifacts, private gold and foreign currency, natural resources extracted through brutal inefficient slavery.
The controlling apparatus was staffed by professional revolutionaries-inherently untrustworthy conspirators. The people who were over 30 often hated the state and had extensive personal experience in civil war and guerrilla fighting.
Instead of being spry retirees in their 60s-80s, the pre-revolutionary Russian engineers, machinists and so on were either dead, crippled or fled.
And finally, everything had to be drafted/machined/processed by hand or with dumb machine tools. Even with all of that, Soviet reindustrialization happened. So the US for sure can do it.