Does the Governor have to give members of the legislature advance notice before calling and convening a special session?
No.
Texas Constitution, Article 4, section 8(a) places no time limits on the Governor's power to convene a special session. The Constitution states that "The Governor may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the Legislature at the seat of Government, or at a different place, in case that should be in possession of the public enemy or in case of the prevalence of disease threat. His proclamation therefor shall state specifically the purpose for which the Legislature is convened." The interpretive commentary included in
Vernon's Constitution of the State of Texas Annotated explains:[The Governor] "may call at any time and for any reason, although he must state his purpose in the proclamation calling the legislators to special session."At 1:30 a.m., on June 2nd, 1987, Governor Bill Clements called a special session of the 70th Legislature to begin at 11 a.m. the same day. The special session lasted only one day. Governor Clements called the fifth special session of the 71st Legislature under similar circumstances.