Cultcow Brad Watson / Richard Bradshaw Watson / Brad Watson_Miami - Jesus & Albert Einstein reincarnated, discoverer of GOD=7_4 Theory

[Krieger]

When will you appear on his podcast? Aren't you nervous about questions concerning your past?

Is it weird to note that so far, Bigfoot has technically appeared in more video footage than Brad? More people believe in the existence of a hairy apeman than in Brad's claims of being Jesus Einstein the Second Coming.

 

[Adamska]

More people believe that the moon doesn't exist too. Brad really is an army of one when it comes right down to it.

 

[bacterium]

@Brad Watson_Miami looks like Obama didn't give a shit about your email. Bummer, dude.

 

[Brad Watson_Miami]

Thanks for taking the time to explain that to me, @Brad Watson_Miami ! I'm interested to know more Masonry techniques in music.

Check out the book Mozart the Freemason at https://www.amazon.com/Mozart-Freemason-Masonic-Influence-Musical/dp/1594771286 . I discovered this book at the Gift Shop of the George Washington National Masonic Monument in Alexandria, VA.

Do you have a favorite album by the Who or from Pete's solo career?

No. I should listen to them more.


Synchronism: 8:33 "Please, listen to him." - Prime Factors, Star Trek: Voyager (S1/Ep10, 1995) on BBC AMERICA

@bacterium ,

Yesterday morning, I sent the following message to President Obama on http://whitehouse.gov .


Mr. President,

Peace. I know you are currently putting the finishing touches on your 'Farewell Address'. George Washington and Dwight D. Eisenhower gave the most famous Farewell Addresses and 'coincidentally' ('There Are No Coincidences'), Washington was reincarnated as Robert E. Lee who returned as Ike. I AM convinced that you are the reincarnation of Franklin Roosevelt and that the 1st Lady is the reincarnation of Eleanor Roosevelt. Of course, FDR never had the opportunity to give his Farewell Address. What would he have said? Frankly, you are the best person to imagine that. Perhaps you could at least make a reference to FDR.

You are well aware that this speech will stand out in history like your Inaugural Addresses. I strongly believe that the scientific proof of reincarnation and through it, the return of the Christ (myself) and the 666 Antichrist (Donald Trump 666 when A=49, B50...Z74) is about to be a paradigm shift in all of humanity. Its ramifications across the scientific world and all religions will be enormous! Any connection of you and FDR would be a BIG plus for this movement.

I look forward to you serving humanity for many more years after leaving the White House and of course, you and Mrs. Obama have many more years to make references to Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt and reincarnation.

Respectfully, permit me to make one more suggestion. This Sunday will be your last in Office. Perhaps your family could attend church somewhere even if it's across the street at St. John's. (This is probably already been planned for awhile.) This would be a strong statement!

Also, I AM on record for predicting a blizzard for DC on Inauguration Day. In 2003, I hand-delivered the prophesied (Revelation 5:1) "book/scroll sealed with 7 seals"/'beyond Einstein theories'* to DC, State Dept. officials, and WH East Guardgate. I had predicted "It will snow alot" three weeks before my arrival on Feb. 14 and a blizzard hit DC that President's Day Weekend. Science requires being able to repeat an action. The experiment is in place for 1/21/17.

- Brad Watson, Christ II
* http://7seals.blogspot.com

------------------------------------------

There Are No Coin4c1idences788

There is synchronism, nonlocality, retrocausality, subconscious telepathy,
and design-and-alignment.
Everything evolves by laws of Nature, is (w)holē40 and mathematically interwoven. Everything is connected; there are patterns within the 'chaos'. Every†hing has meaning in the Grand Scheme of GOD/FOD’s universes. Anytime an idea19* is connect59/74ed to Nature, it’s not only logical59,
it’s inevitable, i.e. sacred** geometry/gematria74 (in English774) and base 10 (10 fingers).
In this biocentric/anthropocentric Universe, we’re not only
“observers who affect the experiment”, we’re participants and cocreators…

​

The above is a tweak I've just done to the opening of the Title Page. It's good to be able to post it here for a different perspective and immediate feedback.

​

Synchronism: 8:57 "I accept the consequences of my actions." - ST: Voyager

 

[BILLY MAYS]

@bacterium ,

I just (yesterday morning) sent the following message to President Obama on http://whitehouse.gov .


Mr. President,

Peace. I know you are currently putting the finishing touches on your 'Farewell Address'. George Washington and Dwight D. Eisenhower gave the most famous Farewell Addresses and 'coincidentally' ('There Are No Coincidences'), Washington was reincarnated as Robert E. Lee who returned as Ike. I AM convinced that you are the reincarnation of Franklin Roosevelt and that the 1st Lady is the reincarnation of Eleanor Roosevelt. Of course, FDR never had the opportunity to give his Farewell Address. What would he have said? Frankly, you are the best person to imagine that. Perhaps you could at least make a reference to FDR.

You are well aware that this speech will stand out in history like your Inaugural Addresses. I strongly believe that the scientific proof of reincarnation and through it, the return of the Christ (myself) and the 666 Antichrist (Donald Trump 666 when A=49, B50...Z74) is about to be a paradigm shift in all of humanity. Its ramifications across the scientific world and all religions will be enormous! Any connection of you and FDR would be a BIG plus for this movement.

I look forward to you serving humanity for many more years after leaving the White House and of course, you and Mrs. Obama have many more years to make references to Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt and reincarnation.

Respectfully, permit me to make one more suggestion. This Sunday will be your last in Office. Perhaps your family could attend church somewhere even if it's across the street at St. John's. (This is probably already been planned for awhile.) This would be a strong statement!

Also, I AM on record for predicting a blizzard for DC on Inauguration Day. In 2003, I hand-delivered the prophesied (Revelation 5:1) "book/scroll sealed with 7 seals"/'beyond Einstein theories'* to DC, State Dept. officials, and WH East Guardgate. I had predicted "It will snow alot" three weeks before my arrival on Feb. 14 and a blizzard hit DC that President's Day Weekend. Science requires being able to repeat an action. The experiment is in place for 1/21/17.

- Brad Watson, Christ II
* http://7seals.blogspot.com

Did he reply anything to you?

 

[ChurchOfGodBear]

@bacterium ,

I just (yesterday morning) sent the following message to President Obama on http://whitehouse.gov .


Mr. President,

Peace. I know you are currently putting the finishing touches on your 'Farewell Address'. George Washington and Dwight D. Eisenhower gave the most famous Farewell Addresses and 'coincidentally' ('There Are No Coincidences'), Washington was reincarnated as Robert E. Lee who returned as Ike. I AM convinced that you are the reincarnation of Franklin Roosevelt and that the 1st Lady is the reincarnation of Eleanor Roosevelt. Of course, FDR never had the opportunity to give his Farewell Address. What would he have said? Frankly, you are the best person to imagine that. Perhaps you could at least make a reference to FDR.

You are well aware that this speech will stand out in history like your Inaugural Addresses. I strongly believe that the scientific proof of reincarnation and through it, the return of the Christ (myself) and the 666 Antichrist (Donald Trump 666 when A=49, B50...Z74) is about to be a paradigm shift in all of humanity. Its ramifications across the scientific world and all religions will be enormous! Any connection of you and FDR would be a BIG plus for this movement.

I look forward to you serving humanity for many more years after leaving the White House and of course, you and Mrs. Obama have many more years to make references to Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt and reincarnation.

Respectfully, permit me to make one more suggestion. This Sunday will be your last in Office. Perhaps your family could attend church somewhere even if it's across the street at St. John's. (This is probably already been planned for awhile.) This would be a strong statement!

Also, I AM on record for predicting a blizzard for DC on Inauguration Day. In 2003, I hand-delivered the prophesied (Revelation 5:1) "book/scroll sealed with 7 seals"/'beyond Einstein theories'* to DC, State Dept. officials, and WH East Guardgate. I had predicted "It will snow alot" three weeks before my arrival on Feb. 14 and a blizzard hit DC that President's Day Weekend. Science requires being able to repeat an action. The experiment is in place for 1/21/17.

- Brad Watson, Christ II
* http://7seals.blogspot.com

------------------------------------------

There Are No Coin4c1idences788

There is synchronism, nonlocality, retrocausality, subconscious telepathy, and design-and-alignment.
Everything evolves by laws of Nature, is (w)holē40 and mathematically interwoven. Everything is connected; there are patterns within the chaos. Every†hing has meaning in the Grand Scheme of GOD/FOD’s universes. Anytime an idea19* is connect59/74ed to Nature, it’s not only logical59, it’s inevitable, i.e. sacred** geometry/gematria74 (in English774) and base 10 (10 fingers). In this biocentric/anthropocentric Universe, we’re not only “observers who affect the experiment”, we’re participants and cocreators…

​

The above is a tweak I've just done to the opening of the Title Page. It's good to be able to post it here for a different perspective and immediate feedback.

​

Synchronism: 8:57 "I accept the consequences of my actions." - ST: Voyager

How did you enjoy your day out yesterday, Brad?

 

[Brad Watson_Miami]

The following is the just tweaked Seal #2 from the Title Page. I restored the original title of my NASA presentation and I got a synchronism of a NASA reference from William Shatner in Star Trek: The 25th Anniversary on DECADES.


GOD=7_4, 7/4=July 4th or 7 April ... GOD=GOOD=GOOOOOD=G-d=7_4
Simple674 English774 Gematria874 - the key74: A=1, B=2…Z=26

Royal Cubits74 = 7 palms × 4 fingers, Standard Cubits = 6p•4f = 17.76” ... FIG=6|7 ... Genasis74 1:1 is 7 Hebrew words & 28 (7x4) letters: God’s Signature

John447 the Baptist7 born 11/12/7 BC/747 AUC. Jesus74 b Sat. 4/17/6 BC/748, on Cross74 G7ood4 Friday74 4/7/30 AD/783. Tawaf: circumambulate Kaaba 7×, 4 reg.

FOD=6_4 FOD=FOOD=FOOOOD=F-d=6_4 ... Genasis 6:4 “Nefilem64”, Juan46 1:1 – Fod Founder of Plan-it Nestor ... Sain†63 Pe†er64, 64, d 10/13/64 AD

Venus .7 AU & Mercury .4 AU, 4 lunar phases 7.4 days, etc. Nestor’s inner planets .6 & .4 and/or 6 & 4 AU, 4 lunar phases 6.4 days, etc., hence F6OD4. Rev 21:1

“Identifying ‘True Earth-like Planets’ – All New Worlds Are Built On 7_4 (like Earth) Or 6_4” (NASA Conference Missions for Exoplanets: 2010-2020 4/21/09)


Synchronism: 9:53 "Check out the developments of NASA" - William Shatner (1992) on Star Trek: The 25th Anniversary

"Stardate 7412.6". Admiral Kirk and Commander Scott are flying by the reconditioned Enterprise in Spacedock when one of the holding panels has "74" clearly marked on it. - beginning of Star Trek: The Motion Picture 1/11/17 10:06 on DECADES


Synchronism: 10:38 "Hi, I'm Brad Castillo. Gold coins will increase 4x in 7 years." - ad on DECADES

 

[bacterium]

@bacterium ,

I just (yesterday morning) sent the following message to President Obama on http://whitehouse.gov .


Mr. President,

Peace. I know you are currently putting the finishing touches on your 'Farewell Address'. George Washington and Dwight D. Eisenhower gave the most famous Farewell Addresses and 'coincidentally' ('There Are No Coincidences'), Washington was reincarnated as Robert E. Lee who returned as Ike. I AM convinced that you are the reincarnation of Franklin Roosevelt and that the 1st Lady is the reincarnation of Eleanor Roosevelt. Of course, FDR never had the opportunity to give his Farewell Address. What would he have said? Frankly, you are the best person to imagine that. Perhaps you could at least make a reference to FDR.

You are well aware that this speech will stand out in history like your Inaugural Addresses. I strongly believe that the scientific proof of reincarnation and through it, the return of the Christ (myself) and the 666 Antichrist (Donald Trump 666 when A=49, B50...Z74) is about to be a paradigm shift in all of humanity. Its ramifications across the scientific world and all religions will be enormous! Any connection of you and FDR would be a BIG plus for this movement.

I look forward to you serving humanity for many more years after leaving the White House and of course, you and Mrs. Obama have many more years to make references to Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt and reincarnation.

Respectfully, permit me to make one more suggestion. This Sunday will be your last in Office. Perhaps your family could attend church somewhere even if it's across the street at St. John's. (This is probably already been planned for awhile.) This would be a strong statement!

Also, I AM on record for predicting a blizzard for DC on Inauguration Day. In 2003, I hand-delivered the prophesied (Revelation 5:1) "book/scroll sealed with 7 seals"/'beyond Einstein theories'* to DC, State Dept. officials, and WH East Guardgate. I had predicted "It will snow alot" three weeks before my arrival on Feb. 14 and a blizzard hit DC that President's Day Weekend. Science requires being able to repeat an action. The experiment is in place for 1/21/17.

- Brad Watson, Christ II
* http://7seals.blogspot.com

------------------------------------------

There Are No Coin4c1idences788

There is synchronism, nonlocality, retrocausality, subconscious telepathy, and design-and-alignment.
Everything evolves by laws of Nature, is (w)holē40 and mathematically interwoven. Everything is connected; there are patterns within the chaos. Every†hing has meaning in the Grand Scheme of GOD/FOD’s universes. Anytime an idea19* is connect59/74ed to Nature, it’s not only logical59, it’s inevitable, i.e. sacred** geometry/gematria74 (in English774) and base 10 (10 fingers). In this biocentric/anthropocentric Universe, we’re not only “observers who affect the experiment”, we’re participants and cocreators…

​

The above is a tweak I've just done to the opening of the Title Page. It's good to be able to post it here for a different perspective and immediate feedback.

​

Synchronism: 8:57 "I accept the consequences of my actions." - ST: Voyager

Yes, I know. And he just (last night) gave his farewell speech. With no mention of FDR. Looking back it seems you tweaked the letter you sent. I swear before you specifically suggested Obama make reference to FDR.


Also, when the fuck did Brad become a supporter?

Edit: I stand corrected. Brad didn't change that part.

 

[Brad Watson_Miami]

I've just given a tweak of symmetry breaking to Seal #3...


Superstring theory: 6 dimensions hyperspace + 4 common dimensions =
10 dimensions spacetime
Supergravity theory: 7D hs + 4D = 11D st

Unified Strings 21/19 Theory (M-theory + time47 analysis providing a very simple symmetry breaking): Physics’ Theory of Everything

3D regular space + 7 dimensions hyperspace + 7 aspects regular time + 4 aspects hypertime = 21 dimensions/aspects of spacetime
or
3D rs + 6D hs + 6a rt + 4a ht = 19D/a st (engineerable - PlanET Nestor) (1921: Einstein Nobel & 1st U21S19/WH visit, FDR polio, John Glenn b, Hawking’s ALS at 21)

6/7 aspects of regular time: beginning, end, past, present, future, void?, a constant SOL.
4a of hypertime: fast-forward, reverse, pause/stop, before the beginning and after the end.
(+ imaginary time)

 

[bacterium]

@Brad Watson_Miami how do you feel about the forecast for the inauguration? Looks like it is gonna be a pretty nice day for January.

 

[Brad Watson_Miami]

@bacterium,

My forecast for the Inauguration is that it's going to be a blizzard.

---------------------------------
​

Everyone,

If you haven't seen http://7seals.blogspot.com lately, check it out - I've tweaked it quite abit lately.

https://plus.maths.org/content/symmetry-making-and-symmetry-breaking

Symmetry making and symmetry breaking
By Marianne Freiberger
Submitted by mf344 on February 16, 2016

It's good to have a sense of balance, even in physics. In the 1920s the physicist Paul Dirac developed an equation to describe the behaviour of electrons. The equation contained mathematical terms that had no physical interpretation, so to balance things out, Dirac swiftly invented one. He stipulated that each electron should come with a anti-electron, called a positron, which is what those extra components of the equations represent. A few years later, positrons were duly discovered in cosmic rays, and today they benefit the millions of people who get their medical diagnoses from positron emission tomography (PET) scans.

Your browser does not support the video tag. Direct link
Watch John D. Barrow talk about the laws of nature, their outcomes, and the role of symmetry. (This is a clip from a longer interview about the laws of nature and their outcomes, which you can watch here.)

That seems like an amazing fluke, but it's not the only example of theory preceding discovery. A preference for balance — for symmetry to be precise — is what guides much of modern physics. We tend to think of symmetry as something visual, but it's actually a wider concept. Symmetry is immunity to change. A square is symmetrical because it looks the same after it's been rotated around its centre by 90 degrees, or reflected in one of its axes. In physics, finding something — a quantity or pattern — that doesn't change can indicate you're on to something fundamental.

An example are the laws of conservation: the fact that certain quantities, such as energy, momentum, or electric charge, can't suddenly vanish or be created from nothing. They are conserved quantities. In 1915 the mathematician Emmy Noether linked those conserved quantities to symmetries. Conservation of angular momentum, for example, implies that the laws of mechanics are invariant under rotation: a physicists conducting an experiment will see the same results whether the experimental set-up is facing North, South, East or West, or, indeed, anywhere in-between. Noether's theorem says that conservation laws are equivalent to symmetries in the laws of nature: every conservation law comes with a symmetry, and vice versa. (See here to find out more.)

That's a nice deep link between symmetry and physics, but we can go even further. Symmetries can help us deduce things about the Universe without even looking at it. For example, it can help us deduce that a force like gravity must exist.

Gravity and motion

The reason we can indulge in fine dining on a train is that objects behave the same way when they are travelling at constant velocity as they do when they are at rest.

The fact that the laws of nature remain invariant under rotations means that a person locked in a windowless box has no way of telling which direction they are looking in. Something similar would remain true if the box were set into motion. As long as the box is moving at a constant velocity, no experiment or test would be able to tell the inhabitant at what speed they are moving, or even if they are moving at all. It's something we've all experienced when travelling by train: as long as the train isn't speeding up, slowing down, or swerving, and the tracks aren't too bumpy, things inside the train behave exactly as they do outside on the platform. It's another symmetry: the behaviour of things remains invariant when you swap a frame of reference (the inside of the box or train) going at one constant velocity for another frame of reference going at another constant velocity.

Now what if the box were accelerating, that is, speeding up or slowing down? Will its inhabitant be excluded from the symmetries of nature? The answer is no, and that's where the force of gravity comes in. The box inhabitant will notice that something is happening, because everything inside the box that is not nailed down will suddenly move towards one of its walls. But it turns out that gravity can do just the same thing. If the box were to move into the vicinity of a heavy body of just the right mass, the body's gravitational pull could make the things in the box move in the same way as the acceleration appears to do. The inhabitant has no way of telling whether it's gravity or acceleration doing the moving. Thus the symmetry extends a little further, allowing us to swap observers in accelerating boxes with observers in non-accelerating boxes that feel gravity, without anyone noticing.

A positively and a negatively charged particle generate an electric field. A static electric field is described by the electric potential (voltage) at each point, but the field won't change if you change the voltage everywhere by the same amount. This invariance under changes in voltage is a gauge symmetry of electromagnetism. Image: Geek3, CC BY-SA 3.0.

Notice that gravity is crucial in all this. In a world without gravity, the box inhabitant would definitely be able to tell acceleration from non-acceleration. The symmetry can only hold in worlds where a force very much like gravity, which can mimic the effects of acceleration, exists. The symmetry requires the force to exist, and you could deduce it exists even had you never felt it.

Symmetry and the other forces
Albert Einstein, who famously noted that motion is relative, built his theory of gravity, called general relativity, around such a symmetry principle. A little after the theory's publication in 1915, physicists realized that something similar works for other forces too: if you stipulate that certain symmetries hold, then the forces must exist. "The [resulting] theories, known as gauge theories, are very unusual," explains John Barrow, mathematician and cosmologist at the University of Cambridge. "In some sense they require the forces to exist in order to be self-consistent."

The other forces of nature, electromagnetism, and the strong and the weak nuclear forces, govern the behaviour of elementary particles, so symmetries can tell us something about those particles too. "Each of these theories has a particular, rather abstract pattern that is preserved," explains Barrow. "The preservation of that pattern is responsible, not just for the rules governing how the forces behave, but also for dictating which particles can exist. This is a very powerful situation. Physicists have become very impressed by the power of symmetry, and symmetry arguments, to derive the theory which is going to govern elementary particles."

Your browser does not support the video tag. Direct link
Watch John D. Barrow explain the unification of the forces. (This is a clip from a longer interview about the laws of nature and their outcomes, which you can watch here.)

And this isn't all. In the 1960s physicists suggested that two of the fundamental forces, electromagnetism and the weak force, were in fact two sides of the same coin: a unified electroweak force. They came up with a unified mathematical framework, a gauge theory, which describes them both. "The underlying description of these forces is very much like Maxwell's [older description of electromagnetism], so that's unification," explains John Ellis, Clerk Maxwell Professor at King's College, London. "It's a more complicated set of equations, but, in principle, they're relatively simple, because there's a symmetry that relates them together." (You can find out more about these symmetries by means of an analogy to economics in our Financial ether package.)

The hope is that the symmetry can be extended further, to include the other forces too. "It's as though you've got four patterns [corresponding to the four forces we see], like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, and you want to join them together so that they become part of a much larger pattern," says Barrow. "You hope that the joining together of the pieces places some new constraints on what is in the individual pieces, which might be predicting new particles or new things that you can check."

Symmetry breaking

This pencil is bound to topple. The laws of nature don't determine which way it'll topple — they are rotationally symmetric. Once it has toppled one way, the situation is no longer symmetric. But this asymmetry is an asymmetry of an outcome of the laws of nature, rather than the laws themselves.

But if that is the case, if the forces are, in some sense, one and the same, how come we perceive them as different forces today? The answer is that an underlying symmetry can go into hiding without actually disappearing from the theories. As an example, think of a pencil balancing on its tip, which is in danger of toppling due to the force of gravity. "The law of gravity is perfectly democratic with regards to directions," explains Barrow. "It doesn't say that [the pencil] always has to fall over in the direction towards the pole star. But in a perfect vacuum at zero temperature, quantum fluctuations will always make it fall in some direction. When it falls the symmetry with respect to direction is broken." Thus, an outcome of the laws of nature does not have to possess the same symmetry as the laws themselves.

"We [ourselves] are examples of [broken symmetry]," says Barrow. "You and I are located at particular positions in the Universe at the moment, but the laws of electromagnetism and gravity which are responsible for us, at some basic level, don't have preferred positions in the Universe. This is one of the secrets of the Universe, if you like. How it can have all these complicated things in it. If the outcomes of the laws had to possess the same symmetries as the laws then there wouldn't be anything in the Universe. It would be a rather boring place."

As far as the forces are concerned, the idea is that, as the Universe cooled down from the Big Bang, a time at which it was uniform and highly symmetrical, the forces sort of crystallised out and became different. "The expectation is at first everything was highly symmetrical and then gradually certain thresholds were reached," explains Barrow. "You reach a particular temperature and the strong force will become different to the others, so a symmetry will have broken, and eventually the weak force, and electromagnetism, will become different forces. So as the Universe cools there are these symmetry breaking moments, rather like the pencil falling in one direction."

Symmetry and reality
All this may seem like a very tall order. It's hard to believe that our Universe, so full of hugely complex phenomena, should obey some rather simple laws that are based on the assumption of symmetry. Yet this kind of theorising has led to quite a few discoveries. The unification of the weak and electromagnetic force, and the breaking of the underlying symmetry, required the existence of comparatively heavy particles called Z and W bosons. The fact that particles could be heavy at all, and not, as symmetry would decree, massless, in turn required the existence of the famous Higgs boson. Each of these particles did turn out to exist: the Z and W bosons were discovered at CERN the 1980s, and the Higgs boson in 2012.

Your browser does not support the video tag. Direct link
Watch John D. Barrow explain symmetry breaking. (This is a clip from a longer interview about the laws of nature and their outcomes, which you can watch here.)

It's also worth noting that simple theories don't necessarily mean simple calculations. The theory physicists believe governs the strong nuclear force, for example, has a relatively simple overall structure, but the calculations you need to perform to actually describe real-world phenomena are so complicated, they defy even the fastest supercomputer. "We have mathematical arguments that lead us to a candidate [theory], but we don't know how to solve the laws to work out the outcomes," says Barrow. "The outcomes are much more complicated. And they don't have to possess the same symmetries as the laws."

So is this it then? Are physicists going to forget about experiments and rely solely on theory? Not quite. "[Particularly in particle physics] I think there's been a dog race [over the last century or so], between the experimentalists finding particles that the theorists had not predicted and the theorists predicting particles that, later, the experimentalists discovered," says Ellis. "Both happen, and I think this reflects the fact that science advances through this continual dialogue between theory and experiment."

Further reading
To find out more about how the laws of nature relate to their outcomes see Stuff happens: Laws versus outcomes.

This article is part of our Stuff happens: the physics of events project, run in collaboration with FQXi. Click here to see more articles and videos about the laws of nature and their outcomes.

About this article
Marianne Freiberger is Editor of Plus. She interviewed John D. Barrow and John Ellis in December 2015.

 

[ChurchOfGodBear]

https://plus.maths.org/content/symmetry-making-and-symmetry-breaking

Symmetry making and symmetry breaking
By Marianne Freiberger
Submitted by mf344 on February 16, 2016

It's good to have a sense of balance, even in physics. In the 1920s the physicist Paul Dirac developed an equation to describe the behaviour of electrons. The equation contained mathematical terms that had no physical interpretation, so to balance things out, Dirac swiftly invented one. He stipulated that each electron should come with a anti-electron, called a positron, which is what those extra components of the equations represent. A few years later, positrons were duly discovered in cosmic rays, and today they benefit the millions of people who get their medical diagnoses from positron emission tomography (PET) scans.

Your browser does not support the video tag. Direct link
Watch John D. Barrow talk about the laws of nature, their outcomes, and the role of symmetry. (This is a clip from a longer interview about the laws of nature and their outcomes, which you can watch here.)

That seems like an amazing fluke, but it's not the only example of theory preceding discovery. A preference for balance — for symmetry to be precise — is what guides much of modern physics. We tend to think of symmetry as something visual, but it's actually a wider concept. Symmetry is immunity to change. A square is symmetrical because it looks the same after it's been rotated around its centre by 90 degrees, or reflected in one of its axes. In physics, finding something — a quantity or pattern — that doesn't change can indicate you're on to something fundamental.

An example are the laws of conservation: the fact that certain quantities, such as energy, momentum, or electric charge, can't suddenly vanish or be created from nothing. They are conserved quantities. In 1915 the mathematician Emmy Noether linked those conserved quantities to symmetries. Conservation of angular momentum, for example, implies that the laws of mechanics are invariant under rotation: a physicists conducting an experiment will see the same results whether the experimental set-up is facing North, South, East or West, or, indeed, anywhere in-between. Noether's theorem says that conservation laws are equivalent to symmetries in the laws of nature: every conservation law comes with a symmetry, and vice versa. (See here to find out more.)

That's a nice deep link between symmetry and physics, but we can go even further. Symmetries can help us deduce things about the Universe without even looking at it. For example, it can help us deduce that a force like gravity must exist.

Gravity and motion

The reason we can indulge in fine dining on a train is that objects behave the same way when they are travelling at constant velocity as they do when they are at rest.

The fact that the laws of nature remain invariant under rotations means that a person locked in a windowless box has no way of telling which direction they are looking in. Something similar would remain true if the box were set into motion. As long as the box is moving at a constant velocity, no experiment or test would be able to tell the inhabitant at what speed they are moving, or even if they are moving at all. It's something we've all experienced when travelling by train: as long as the train isn't speeding up, slowing down, or swerving, and the tracks aren't too bumpy, things inside the train behave exactly as they do outside on the platform. It's another symmetry: the behaviour of things remains invariant when you swap a frame of reference (the inside of the box or train) going at one constant velocity for another frame of reference going at another constant velocity.

Now what if the box were accelerating, that is, speeding up or slowing down? Will its inhabitant be excluded from the symmetries of nature? The answer is no, and that's where the force of gravity comes in. The box inhabitant will notice that something is happening, because everything inside the box that is not nailed down will suddenly move towards one of its walls. But it turns out that gravity can do just the same thing. If the box were to move into the vicinity of a heavy body of just the right mass, the body's gravitational pull could make the things in the box move in the same way as the acceleration appears to do. The inhabitant has no way of telling whether it's gravity or acceleration doing the moving. Thus the symmetry extends a little further, allowing us to swap observers in accelerating boxes with observers in non-accelerating boxes that feel gravity, without anyone noticing.

A positively and a negatively charged particle generate an electric field. A static electric field is described by the electric potential (voltage) at each point, but the field won't change if you change the voltage everywhere by the same amount. This invariance under changes in voltage is a gauge symmetry of electromagnetism. Image: Geek3, CC BY-SA 3.0.

Notice that gravity is crucial in all this. In a world without gravity, the box inhabitant would definitely be able to tell acceleration from non-acceleration. The symmetry can only hold in worlds where a force very much like gravity, which can mimic the effects of acceleration, exists. The symmetry requires the force to exist, and you could deduce it exists even had you never felt it.

Symmetry and the other forces
Albert Einstein, who famously noted that motion is relative, built his theory of gravity, called general relativity, around such a symmetry principle. A little after the theory's publication in 1915, physicists realized that something similar works for other forces too: if you stipulate that certain symmetries hold, then the forces must exist. "The [resulting] theories, known as gauge theories, are very unusual," explains John Barrow, mathematician and cosmologist at the University of Cambridge. "In some sense they require the forces to exist in order to be self-consistent."

The other forces of nature, electromagnetism, and the strong and the weak nuclear forces, govern the behaviour of elementary particles, so symmetries can tell us something about those particles too. "Each of these theories has a particular, rather abstract pattern that is preserved," explains Barrow. "The preservation of that pattern is responsible, not just for the rules governing how the forces behave, but also for dictating which particles can exist. This is a very powerful situation. Physicists have become very impressed by the power of symmetry, and symmetry arguments, to derive the theory which is going to govern elementary particles."

Your browser does not support the video tag. Direct link
Watch John D. Barrow explain the unification of the forces. (This is a clip from a longer interview about the laws of nature and their outcomes, which you can watch here.)

And this isn't all. In the 1960s physicists suggested that two of the fundamental forces, electromagnetism and the weak force, were in fact two sides of the same coin: a unified electroweak force. They came up with a unified mathematical framework, a gauge theory, which describes them both. "The underlying description of these forces is very much like Maxwell's [older description of electromagnetism], so that's unification," explains John Ellis, Clerk Maxwell Professor at King's College, London. "It's a more complicated set of equations, but, in principle, they're relatively simple, because there's a symmetry that relates them together." (You can find out more about these symmetries by means of an analogy to economics in our Financial ether package.)

The hope is that the symmetry can be extended further, to include the other forces too. "It's as though you've got four patterns [corresponding to the four forces we see], like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, and you want to join them together so that they become part of a much larger pattern," says Barrow. "You hope that the joining together of the pieces places some new constraints on what is in the individual pieces, which might be predicting new particles or new things that you can check."

Symmetry breaking

This pencil is bound to topple. The laws of nature don't determine which way it'll topple — they are rotationally symmetric. Once it has toppled one way, the situation is no longer symmetric. But this asymmetry is an asymmetry of an outcome of the laws of nature, rather than the laws themselves.

But if that is the case, if the forces are, in some sense, one and the same, how come we perceive them as different forces today? The answer is that an underlying symmetry can go into hiding without actually disappearing from the theories. As an example, think of a pencil balancing on its tip, which is in danger of toppling due to the force of gravity. "The law of gravity is perfectly democratic with regards to directions," explains Barrow. "It doesn't say that [the pencil] always has to fall over in the direction towards the pole star. But in a perfect vacuum at zero temperature, quantum fluctuations will always make it fall in some direction. When it falls the symmetry with respect to direction is broken." Thus, an outcome of the laws of nature does not have to possess the same symmetry as the laws themselves.

"We [ourselves] are examples of [broken symmetry]," says Barrow. "You and I are located at particular positions in the Universe at the moment, but the laws of electromagnetism and gravity which are responsible for us, at some basic level, don't have preferred positions in the Universe. This is one of the secrets of the Universe, if you like. How it can have all these complicated things in it. If the outcomes of the laws had to possess the same symmetries as the laws then there wouldn't be anything in the Universe. It would be a rather boring place."

As far as the forces are concerned, the idea is that, as the Universe cooled down from the Big Bang, a time at which it was uniform and highly symmetrical, the forces sort of crystallised out and became different. "The expectation is at first everything was highly symmetrical and then gradually certain thresholds were reached," explains Barrow. "You reach a particular temperature and the strong force will become different to the others, so a symmetry will have broken, and eventually the weak force, and electromagnetism, will become different forces. So as the Universe cools there are these symmetry breaking moments, rather like the pencil falling in one direction."

Symmetry and reality
All this may seem like a very tall order. It's hard to believe that our Universe, so full of hugely complex phenomena, should obey some rather simple laws that are based on the assumption of symmetry. Yet this kind of theorising has led to quite a few discoveries. The unification of the weak and electromagnetic force, and the breaking of the underlying symmetry, required the existence of comparatively heavy particles called Z and W bosons. The fact that particles could be heavy at all, and not, as symmetry would decree, massless, in turn required the existence of the famous Higgs boson. Each of these particles did turn out to exist: the Z and W bosons were discovered at CERN the 1980s, and the Higgs boson in 2012.

Your browser does not support the video tag. Direct link
Watch John D. Barrow explain symmetry breaking. (This is a clip from a longer interview about the laws of nature and their outcomes, which you can watch here.)

It's also worth noting that simple theories don't necessarily mean simple calculations. The theory physicists believe governs the strong nuclear force, for example, has a relatively simple overall structure, but the calculations you need to perform to actually describe real-world phenomena are so complicated, they defy even the fastest supercomputer. "We have mathematical arguments that lead us to a candidate [theory], but we don't know how to solve the laws to work out the outcomes," says Barrow. "The outcomes are much more complicated. And they don't have to possess the same symmetries as the laws."

So is this it then? Are physicists going to forget about experiments and rely solely on theory? Not quite. "[Particularly in particle physics] I think there's been a dog race [over the last century or so], between the experimentalists finding particles that the theorists had not predicted and the theorists predicting particles that, later, the experimentalists discovered," says Ellis. "Both happen, and I think this reflects the fact that science advances through this continual dialogue between theory and experiment."

Further reading
To find out more about how the laws of nature relate to their outcomes see Stuff happens: Laws versus outcomes.

This article is part of our Stuff happens: the physics of events project, run in collaboration with FQXi. Click here to see more articles and videos about the laws of nature and their outcomes.

About this article
Marianne Freiberger is Editor of Plus. She interviewed John D. Barrow and John Ellis in December 2015.

So how was your fun day yesterday, buddy?

 

[Kartoffel]

No, but I AM a fan of The Who and Peter Townshend. I saw Tommy when it came out at the movie theaters.

Producers often harm art.

(@NobleGreyHorse )
G then its dominant D. I had a symphony rehearsal last night where the first orchestra piece was in G and the timpani were tuned to G & D. This is pretty common. Many composers were/are Freemasons (Mozart) and know the G-D=7_4 Code and the open G-string makes G Major a popular key for string instruments.

The Doxology sung in many churches every Sunday is in G and I always lay D then G ending on timpani for its ending. G & D also have a particular 'color' to them as do all 12 pitches.

Mozart wrote the Magic Flute mostly in G Major. He would write in Eb Major/C Minor (three flats) to invoke the Holy Trinity. Pretty cool guy that Mozart guy who was Bach reincarnated and returned as Hector Berlioz.

Consciously composing a piece in G with alot of D knowing the GOD=7_4 Code is a way of invoking GOD the Grand Architect of this Universe on a higher level. If composers, musicians and listeners aren't aware of the G-D=7_4 Code, then it's working in their subconscious mind.

Or maybe, just maybe, most composers are COMPOSERS and therefore used basic musictheoretical knowledge. D and G are a fifth (or a quint) apart from each other; if you look at overtones then d is the 2nd overtone of g. (The first would be another g btw.)
Musicians use this, but not because of your theory, but because these relationship sounds the most harmonic.

If you ever come across a grand piano, make sure that there is no dampening on the strings and then play on basetone - the strings according to the overtones will start to swing, too. That's because of physics, not because of your 4_7 theory.

 

[bacterium]

@bacterium,

My forecast for the Inauguration is that it's going to be a blizzard.

---------------------------------
​

Everyone,

If you haven't seen http://7seals.blogspot.com lately, check it out - I've tweaked it quite abit lately.

Yeah, no shit. I meant the fact you are wrong.

Also, a bit is two words. That is even more egregious than your misspelling of 'a lot'

 

[Brad Watson_Miami]

If you ever come across a grand piano...not because of your 4_7 theory.

(@entropyseekswork )
Pianos have 88 keys which is 7 octaves and 4 pitches.

In solfeggio, G = Sol (Latin for Sun god) and D = Ra (Egyptian for Sun god).

composer=74=C3+O+M13+P16+O+S19+E5+R18
melody=74=M13+E5+L12+O15+D4+Y25
songs=74=S19+O15+N14+G7+S19

"Selah" is a musical term meaning pause or instrumental feature that appears 74x in the Bible: 71 in Psalms and 3 in Habakkuk.

 

[ChurchOfGodBear]

I found a bunch of people on YouTube that found God in number systems. Oddly, there were many "key" numbers picked beside 7 and 4. 8 was a biggie, and 3 and 5 had their fans.

 

[bacterium]

(@entropyseekswork )
Pianos have 88 keys which is 7 octaves and 4 pitches.

In solfeggio, G = Sol (Latin for Sun god) and D = Ra (Egyptian for Sun god).

composer=74=C3+O+M13+P16+O+S19+E5+R18
melody=74=M13+E5+L12+O15+D4+Y25
songs=74=S19+O15+N14+G7+S19

"Selah" is a musical term meaning pause or instrumental feature that appears 74x in the Bible: 71 in Psalms and 3 in Habakkuk.

Someone who knows more about music please correct me, but I believe most pianos have 88 pitches. And 53 white keys and 35 black keys. Not a seven or four in sight.

Also; a guitar has six strings.
A harmonica has 10 holes.
A flute has 16 keys and 8 holes.
Look at this arbitrary numbers! Jesus is real and science proves it!numbers!

 

[Cuck Norris]

Someone who knows more about music please correct me, but I believe most pianos have 88 pitches. And 53 white keys and 35 black keys. Not a seven or four in sight.

Also; a guitar has six strings.
A harmonica has 10 holes.
A flute has 16 keys and 8 holes.
Look at this arbitrary numbers! Jesus is real and science proves it!numbers!

An Octave is 12 notes, 7 whole notes and 5 flat/sharp notes.
So there's one 7.

 

[Brad Watson_Miami]

An Octave is 12 notes, 7 whole notes and 5 flat/sharp notes.

Incorrect. That's 7 naturals and 5 accidentals; there's a half step between each pitch.

C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C is whole step-whole step-half step-whole step-whole step-whole step-half step. That's the pattern for a Major scale.

Someone who knows more about music please correct me, but I believe most pianos have 88 pitches. And 53 white keys and 35 black keys. Not a seven or four in sight.

Wrong. 7 octaves (12 pitches) = 84 pitches. A piano has 88 keys*/pitches: 7 octaves + 4 notes

Also; a guitar has six strings.

Or 7.

Look at this arbitrary numbers!

Those numbers aren't "arbitary". Anytime something is designed, there are no arbitrary numbers in the design.

Jesus is real and science proves it!numbers!

A number does scientifically prove Jesus was The King of the Judeans - the Jewish Messiah - who was nailed on the Cross on Good Friday.

a number=74=A1+N14+U21+M13+B2+E5+R18
Jesus=74
The King=74
Judeans=74
Jewish=74
Messiah=74
nailed on=74
Cross=74

Y'shua74 was born on Saturday 17.4.748 AUC (6 BC) and crucified on G7ood4 Friday74 7.4.783 (30 AD)


*Synchronism: 8:30 "Key changes in your credit" - ad on BBC AMERICA

 

[ChurchOfGodBear]