While I'm loving this thread's cheese direction as of late, there's a time factor not being considered, and I'm not talking about aging cheese.
Walmart made a major push into retail grocery from about 2000, ending around 2010 to 2015. They went from only doing grocery commonly in Super Walmarts (remember those? the CSMs had to roller skate!), to doing grocery in about every store they have. This was mirrored by other retailers, including Target. The whole grocery food chain got messed up as a consumers buying trends changed, and a lot chains and mom and pop stores went under, or were bought out.
That said, as part of the consolidation and as an answer to Walmart, many surviving chains have altered their focus, trying for fuller lines of product and more fresh/hot food options. This includes Publix, which Null inexplicably excludes from his Florida analysis. This grocer reaction widely started happening in the 2010s and only really got interrupted by COVID. Retail is still trying to get shit figured out with a lot of people getting staples through Amazon now.
But above said... if I'm remembering my timelines right, Josh's overseas adventures started while the grocery chains had just really started to roll out their response to Walmart. General big box super markets did still kinda suck then (mid 2010s), but were starting to change. They continued to get better, at least until COVID. In parallel, the farm-to-market small industries have also grown since 2010, alongside farmers markets. Just not in the big cities.
Now, given the choice between having only Walmart (or Dollar General or whatever), vs downtown Chicago or San Francisco these days... those are real food deserts. I'd take the Velveeta from Walmart over nothing but maybe some Fruit Rollups and Mountain Dew. Of course, those dead zones happend because of the inevitable conclusion of the urban lifestyle, accelerated by the summer of "I can't 'breathe". That has decimated retail, including grocery, and even many bodegas are deciding it's not worth it.
European cheese is generally better, but American access to a wide range of cheese has also improved, and there are pockets where supply and variety is at least as good as most spots in Europe. But indeed, that is not true across the States.