A request to the mods first, please combine this thread with the other flight sim thread here:
Kinda makes things unified rather than searching for it and also rename it to flight simulator thread or something like that.
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Here is the insider sign up page for Flight Simulator. (
Archive)
www.flightsimulator.com
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Bing Maps Make the Revived Flight Simulator Eerily Realistic (
Archive)
“Hey, I can see my house from up here!”
It’s a joke so tired you’ll hear it from someone jumping on a trampoline, but that’s what came into my head as I banked a small turboprop airplane above my neighborhood in the new version of a revived classic, Microsoft Flight Simulator.
Because there it was indeed: my house. And my neighbors’ houses, along with the shopping plaza down the road, the hospital complex, the farmland in the distance. All of it eerily accurate, thanks to the new program’s use of Microsoft’s voluminous mapping data. Even the trees, fences, and other features I know from my terrestrial explorations were present and accounted for—in full 3D.
Microsoft’s Flight Simulator is its longest-running software product, with the first iteration dating back to the 8-bit days of 1982. At the time, it offered little more than a green expanse of ground and a blue expanse of sky, with a gray strip representing your runway and some black and white blocks for buildings. Microsoft abandoned the franchise in 2012, the general consensus being that it was too niche of a product for the global giant to keep going. It sold the rights to the core sim technology to Lockheed Martin, which uses it for academic and training environments.
Its revival this past June was a surprise to both the software and aviation industry, given that the company hadn’t uttered a peep about the effort. The new game will likely arrive sometime next year, and is now in alpha testing. But even the early preview I got to play with made clear that Flight Simulator could be more than just a game. It could be a valuable learning tool for aspiring pilots.
That’s because of those details on the ground. Digital sightseeing is fun, but it also allows real-deal pilots to practice navigating using the landmarks they look for while airborne. Such flying is called VFR, for “visual flight rules”—meaning that instead of relying on instruments alone, you find your way by tracking certain buildings, roads, towers, mountains, rivers, and so on.
Though it can’t be used as a formal training tool, accurate, simulated VFR flight allows pilots to rehearse their flights beforehand, making the actual flights later more familiar. With most flight simulators, real-world terrain modeling creates a heavy workload for the computer, and doesn’t keep up with a changing world. Back in the original days of Flight Simulator, every byte of graphics data had to be stored locally, whether downloaded or accessed on DVD, CD, or, yes, floppy disk. “This sim steps out of that model massively,” says Pete Wright, a pilot whose YouTube channel, Frooglesim, specializes in reviewing such software. “It’s stunning. It’s unbelievable.”
What changed for the new generation of Flight Simulator is Microsoft’s development of its Google Maps competitor. The game gets its 3D data from Bing Maps, pulling precise details for anywhere in the world from the cloud and rendering the graphics locally. The end result is a virtual world that’s as accurate as the most recent Bing data.
In fact, the Bing connection was the impetus for the whole effort. Jorg Neumann, head of Flight Simulator, says the revival began with an app he was developing for Microsoft’s HoloLens augmented reality goggles. “We wanted people to be able to use the goggles to go anywhere in the world for a tour,” Neumann said. “It used data from Bing, so the rendering capability was ready five years ago. Two years after that, we started in earnest transferring that idea to a new flight sim.”
Microsoft partnered with French videogame developer Asobo Studio to produce the simulator, with consultation from pilots and the community of flight-sim users and developers who still use the original software. It folded in data and technical guidance from aircraft and avionics manufacturers to ensure that the flying experience is as accurate as the graphics. It incorporated 40,000 airports around the world, with detailed structures, runways, and taxiways, complete with directional markings.
Coupled with realistic weather scenarios rendered from the real-time data, the buildings up close appear photo-realistic, even in dense cities. I took a spin through New York City, expecting the kind of smudgy 3D rendering you’d find while homing in on a target in Google Maps. But it’s all finely drawn, with building details extending all the way down to street level. The simulator will still automatically adapt to available internet bandwidth, and it supports offline gameplay with severely reduced graphics. Users can also download specific small regions for the full experience even without connectivity.
It helps that I have a competent gaming PC and a widescreen monitor, but Asobo CEO Sebastian Wloch says the gameplay will be just as good on less capable rigs. That’s thanks to what he calls deferred rendering. “Twenty years ago, you would render one little piece of an airplane and do all the shadows and lighting on it at the same time,” Wloch says. “Now we’re able to give each element a memory of what it looks like and defer all the lighting and reflections to the end of the rendering process. Because the world is very consistent visually, this helps speed it up a lot.” In short, the graphics rendering process no longer requires total reconstruction of every element every millisecond.
Today, desktop flight simulators actually can have a significant role in flight training, as evidenced by Microsoft’s chief competition, Laminar Research’s X-Plane. The program is certified by the FAA for use in some kinds of classroom training, given the quality of its aircraft and flight modeling. But instead of the graphics capability Microsoft is rolling out, X-Plane uses auto-generated scenery—essentially random buildings and trees—that generally match urban, suburban, and rural environments. (Third-party developers provide more accurate digital models separately for download.) One other advantage X-Plane can tout is its integration of virtual-reality operation through goggles, a natural fit for flight simulation. Microsoft won’t offer that at launch, though Neumann says it’s in the cards for later.
Looking further into the future, both Neumann and X-Plane developer Austin Meyer say they’re poised to respond to the coming age of electrified vertical-lift aircraft, complete with complex multirotor powertrains and computer-assisted flight capability. As those electric aircraft proliferate over the coming decades, aviation enthusiasts will be able to test-fly an air taxi at home before getting on board, and see their houses from up there, too.
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Sim Soars as Learning Tool (
Archive)
SO, YOU WANT to learn how to fly a plane? No problem – just find yourself a flight instructor and get ready to spend about $7,000 to get your private pilot certificate.
Or you can go out and buy a copy of Microsoft Flight Simulator and a specialized controller for about $150, and learn on your PC.
Even though it's marketed as an entertainment title, Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004: A Century of Flight is a highly effective tool to help student pilots learn how to fly.
"Flight Simulator started as a very basic program," said Bruce Landsberg, executive director of the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association Air Safety Foundation. "Over the years, it's evolved phenomenally. It's my observation that someone wanting to become a pilot could save some considerable time and money by using Flight Simulator before starting flight lessons."
Most of that evolution is a result of the explosion in processing speed. Bruce Williams, the business-development manager for Flight Simulator as well as a certified flight instructor, said, "As Flight Simulator has developed and as more computing power has become available, it's become much more than a game. It's now a simulated environment that, as much as current PC technology allows, realistically re-creates the experience of flying a variety of aircraft."
Of course, there's a lot about flying a plane that you can't learn in front of a computer. You can't learn how the controls feel, how the plane handles, or how to use your muscles to control it. But for many tasks in flying, Flight Simulator can be a great help to the learning process.
"An airplane cockpit is a terrible classroom, especially when you're trying to learn a new concept or skill," Williams said. "By the time you get into the airplane, ideally you should have a good basic understanding of the goals of a particular lesson. In the airplane you should practice and refine skills that you already understand, at least at a fundamental level. Flying is mostly a mental exercise – you must understand what's going on and what to do with all the controls and instruments before you can use them effectively and properly."
This is what Flight Simulator allows instructors to do – to teach students the theory while not in the plane. For often-difficult concepts like VHF omnidirectional range navigation, entering traffic patterns, and understanding the basic flight instruments, Flight Simulator works as what is referred to as a "part-task trainer." It allows a student to work on one new concept at a time while not having to worry about keeping a plane in the air.
Herb Lacy discovered the power of Flight Simulator when he was accepted into Navy flight training in 1998, even though he never had flown a plane. Many of the other students had taken flight classes, and some were even certified pilots.
To catch up, Lacy used Flight Simulator to re-create the training plane he would be flying, and he added the landmarks around the air station so he would recognize his surroundings.
Lacy went on to graduate near the top of his class in flight training, and the Navy decided to see if using Flight Simulator would help other students. It found that trainees who used the program did better in their training, prompting the Navy to issue customized versions of Flight Simulator to all of its flight students.
Flight Simulator also is used as part of pilot training at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and FlightSafety International's academy in Vero Beach, Florida.
Currently, time that is logged on Flight Simulator cannot be applied to the hours necessary to qualify for a pilot's certificate. There are some PC-based products that are approved by the Federal Aviation Administration for use in instrument flight training, but these require expensive hardware setups that mimic the controls found in a cockpit.
Even without the FAA's stamp of approval, the Air Safety Foundation's Landsberg thinks that Flight Simulator could have great benefits for student pilots, and the foundation is planning a study to quantify those benefits.
"I'd like to get a group of students and take half of them through traditional flight training, and half through training where they use Flight Simulator as a supplement," Landsberg said. "I'll bet you that at the conclusion, the Flight Simulator group will have saved 25 percent of the time in the air."
Of course, like any tool, Flight Simulator can be misused. Both Williams and Landsberg emphasize that to get the most out of Flight Simulator, it's best to use it under the supervision of a flight instructor. This can help prevent a beginning pilot from developing bad habits.
Additionally, Flight Simulator's limited field of view from the cockpit, and the resulting focus on the instruments that it encourages, can cause problems that need to be corrected in flight training.
"If I was your flight instructor and you came to me, I'd say that it was great that you used Flight Simulator," Landsberg said. "I would then watch you and emphasize the things that are different in a real plane. I'm going to make sure that you are looking outside, and I might even end up covering some of the instruments. I want you to fly by the look and feel of the airplane, and the position of the horizon, and not by looking at the instruments all the time."
Flight Simulator is no substitute for actually flying a plane. But the program has become a powerful tool for instructors and students alike, a tool that could hardly be imagined just 10 years ago.
Said Microsoft's Williams, "The level of sophistication in how Flight Simulator is used in training is more a function of the creativity of the instructor than a question of technology and hardware."