- Joined
- Apr 2, 2014
Question is, are those co-morbid illnesses symptoms of gender dysmorphia, or the cause?
I found a recent journal article that says experiencing puberty as the wrong gender triggers the uhh other things.
Source:
In Journal of Adolescent Health October 2015 57(4):374-380
Transgender youth are presenting at gender clinics for treatment related to gender dysphoria in higher numbers than previously seen [3] and [4]. Few providers feel educated and comfortable enough to treat transgender people [5], and even fewer feel comfortable treating transgender youth. Experiencing the wrong puberty for transgender youth leaves them vulnerable and often triggers symptoms of depression, anxiety, maladaptive coping, and suicidality [6]. Transgender youth are likely to experience societal discrimination resulting in economic marginalization, incarceration, social isolation, and physical abuse leaving them at higher risk for drug abuse, suicide, depression, violence, human immunodeficiency virus, other sexually transmitted infections, and homelessness [7] and [8]. A handful of studies have examined the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity experienced by transgender youth. In 2011, deVries et al. reported on 70 transgender youth eligible for medical intervention at the Amsterdam Gender Identity Clinic of The Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center. The study utilized the Child Behavioral Checklist and the Youth Self-Report to collect information at baseline before intervention. Of the participants, 44% of the sample scored in the clinically significant range on the Child Behavioral Checklist total problem scale (compared with 8%–9% Dutch adolescent norm), and 29.6% scored in the clinically significant range on the internalizing scale of the Youth Self-Report (also compared with 8%–9% Dutch adolescent norm) [9]. Studies have estimated the prevalence of suicide attempts among transgender youth to be between 25% and 32% [1] and [10]. A 2013 report of transgender youth presenting to the Gender Management Service at Boston Children's Hospital showed high prevalence of psychiatric morbidities including depression (58.1%), suicide attempts (9.3%), anxiety (16.3%), and self-mutilation (20.6%) [11]. In 2014, a report from British Columbia Children's Hospital Transgender Program described similar psychiatric morbidity among 84 transgender youth, including mood disorders (35%), anxiety disorder (25%), suicide attempt (12%), and psychiatric hospitalizations (12%) [3]. In 2009, the Endocrine Society published guidelines outlining the importance of treatment for transgender youth with recommendations for medical intervention. The Endocrine Society guidelines recommend using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists to suppress undesired puberty in early adolescence, with the addition of cross-sex hormones for masculinization or feminization as youth get older[12]. One recent study from the Netherlands points to the positive impact of a protocol incorporating puberty suppression, cross-sex hormones, and gender reassignment surgery on psychological functioning and well-being of 55 transgender individuals who began their interventions in adolescence [13]. Prospective studies about the physical and psychosocial impact of medical treatment are rare and have not fully explored the effects of the recommended treatment protocol outlined by the Endocrine Society.