I mean, yes and no. While restrictions of that sort could have potentially slowed the spread, it's become increasingly clear over the past year that the coof was already spreading globally weeks or even months before China first decided to let the rest of us know about it (I've heard as far back as September 2019 as a possibility). There are likely people who caught it and assumed it was just a cold or the flu and shrugged it off, passing it to others before they got better. With how much it had already spread and with poor ability to detect who actually had it at first, travel restrictions and lockdowns probably wouldn't have done a whole lot in the end.
That said, you're right that a lot of the coof response was solely Orange Man Bad NPC logic. When Trump first restricted travel, Nancy danced in Chinatown and called him racist. He was willing to go along with the two week lockdown as an initial measure, but when he wanted to open things back up and get the economy moving again, blue state governors screeched about how he didn't care about people's lives and locked down harder. When he talked about therapeutic treatments, Fauci and company demanded vaccines as the only solution. Anything he said or did, the media spun it in the worst way possible. The whole Democrat machine went knee-jerk in the opposite direction of whatever he proposed.
At this point, the coof is a glorified cold, with the super-scary Omicron Variant™ being even more of a nothingburger than before. Anyone still going batshit over it is either a power-mad politician or a Branch Covidian that's too far gone to save.