There is a Twitch user who currently goes by the username jelmerve334. You can find his account by going to the URL of
www.twitch.tv/jelmerv334.
On or around March 20, 2022, I noticed that he was using my copyrighted Channel Icon #6 as his channel icon without my authorization, and so on March 20, 2022, I issued a DMCA takedown to Twitch asking for it to be taken down. However, Twitch did not take the infringement down. They replied to my DMCA Takedown Notice and asked that I provide proof that I actually own the copyright to this icon.
This is not a valid request. 17 USC § 512(c)(3)(A)(i)-(vi) sets forth six things that a DMCA Takedown Notice must include. I included all six of these things and can easily provide proof thereof once this case gets underway. At no point does the DMCA require me to provide proof of copyright ownership when I issue a DMCA Takedown Notice. The law does not entitle the ISP to request additional details, other than those set forth in § 512(c)(3)(A)(i)-(vi), to verify an otherwise statutorily-compliant takedown notice.
It was not until May 10, 2022 that it was finally taken down. This means that Twitch allowed the act of infringement to continue for a total of 51 days.
This unreasonable delay in processing the DMCA takedown is, in my opinion, grounds for a loss of safe harbor. To qualify for safe harbor, Twitch must "act expeditiously to remove or disable access to"the infringing material upon receiving a statutorily-compliant DMCA takedown notice. The keyword, here, is "expeditiously," an important qualifier which Twitch has utterly failed to comply with.
There is no fair use defense applicable here. The individual infringer did not transform my icon in any way shape or form. He was just using it for his own channel. That is copyright infringement at its most blatant.
Nor is it likely that Twitch can successfully argue that my copyright is invalid, because I have a valid copyright registration. Unless they can prove that I committed actual fraud and/or failed to disclose a lack of originality to the Copyright Office when I applied for registration (which they will almost certainly not be able to do), I am still entitled to proceed on an infringement claim.
So safe harbor is Twitch's last bastion of hope for avoiding liability in this case. So the question is ... did Twitch act expeditiously? That, in turn, begs the question: Is 51 days (aka more than 1½ months) sufficiently expeditious in this case?
While there is no bright line rule for what counts as expeditious, this research paper sets out what I consider to be a pretty fair 3-prong test:
http://www.cardozoaelj.com/wp-content/uploads/Journal Issues/Volume 26/Issue 2/Weinstein.pdf
I plan to use that test when I litigate this matter.
Twitch almost certainly has an up-to-date system for receiving and processing DMCA takedowns. So that is a point against them.
The second prong sets forth sub-factors such as "whether the service provider had to consult with an attorney about the notification; whether the notification was for material that the service provider was already made aware of and known to be infringing, which it could remove without consulting legal counsel; and the adequacy of the notification."
Twitch didn't HAVE to consult with an attorney on this matter. Just because it took the advice of counsel for them to finally get off their butts and do their jobs, doesn't mean it was required. After all, there was absolutely no defense the individual infringer could possibly have raised in defense of this infringement. So anyone who was adequately trained to process DMCA takedowns would not need to consult with an attorney to know that this was blatant infringement.
Although I concede that Twitch likely didn't know about the infringement until I issued the DMCA takedown notice, once they had that notice, they had plenty of time to respond.
Lastly, the adequacy of the notification is not in dispute. I did everything the DMCA required me to do. I am not required to show proof of copyright ownership at the DMCA Takedown stage. Only when I file suit am I required to provide a copyright registration (which creates a statutory presumption of copyright ownership and validity anyway).
I would also add one more sub-factor to this second prong: The size of the DMCA Takedown notice. For example, in this article ...
https://www.internetandtechnologylaw.com/the-complicated-relationshipbetween- dmca-takedown-notices-and-the-word-expeditious/ ... a case is mentioned whereby a 3½ week turnaround period was deemed "expeditious," but only because the takedown notice in question contained a list of 170 infringing articles.
However, such a sub-factor also weighs against Twitch in this case, as the operative takedown notice in this case requested the removal of only a single item. So overall, the second prong of this test will weigh against Twitch.
The third prong is easily against Twitch as well. It would have given Twitch no burden whatsoever - let alone an undue one - to taking the content down within hours, or at the very most 1-2 days, of receiving the DMCA Takedown.
So all three prongs of this proposed test weigh against Twitch taking any more than 1-2 days to process the takedown.
I therefore ask for statutory damages of $5,000, not only to compensate me for the infringement of my copyright, but also to send a message to ISPs in the future not to give copyright holders the run-around when they issue statutorily-compliant DMCA Takedowns.